基于公共行政理念的政府公共关系发展历程探析

在公共行政的历史长河中,政府公共关系是一个新生的事物,它伴随着公共行政的发展而发展,经历了传统公共行政阶段、正统公共行政阶段、新公共行政阶段和新公共管理阶段。改革开放20多年来,我国政府公关的意识已经初步确立并日益得到强化,将来会得到更快的发展。     

Neighborhood immigrant concentration and violent crime reporting to the police: A multilevel analysis of data from the National Crime Victimization Survey*

Using data from the Area‐Identified National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), we provide a national assessment of the impact of neighborhood immigrant concentration on whether violence is reported to the police. By drawing on multiple theoretical perspectives, we outline how the level of violence reporting could be higher or lower in immigrant neighborhoods, as well as how this may depend on individual race/ethnicity and the history of immigration in the county in which immigrant neighborhoods are located. Controlling for both individual‐ and neighborhood‐level conditions, our findings indicate that within traditional immigrant counties, rates of violence reporting in immigrant neighborhoods are similar to those observed elsewhere. In contrast, within newer immigrant destinations, we observe much lower rates of violence reporting in neighborhoods with a large concentration of immigrants. Our study findings reveal comparable patterns for Whites, Blacks, and Latinos. The results have important implications for theory, policy, and future research.     

The Optimal Distance of the Electrode to the Lifting Film Surface when Lifting Dust Footwear Impressions Using an Electrostatic Dust Print Lifter

Footwear impressions are one of the valuable physical evidence encountered at crime scenes and its identification can facilitate narrowing down the suspects and establishing the identity of the criminals. The technique of electrostatic lifting (ESL) dust shoeprints at crime scenes is well established with scenes of crime examiners. And in the procedure, the recovery of the original item containing the impression should be made as good as it can and not damage the marks. In this study, the different particle sizes of SiO₂ were used to simulate dust and light soil residues, comparing different particle sizes and electrode positions were used to compare the adsorption ability on the surface of electrostatic lifting film in high‐voltage electrostatic field for the collection of shoeprints. The results indicated that lifting film in electrostatic field will be pressed down to the dust surface, the compaction and electrostatic adsorption force will vary with the distance between the high‐voltage electrode and film surface. Reducing the distance can increase the electric field strength near the lifting film, and the adsorption capacity of Mylar aluminum‐plating film to dusts can be improved significantly. Adsorption capacity of the lifting film was related to the size of dust particles and significantly improved with the increase of the particle charge. The optimum distance which can get the best adsorption capacity between the electrode and film surface is from 10 to 15 mm.     

ERCC1和XPF基因在法医学年龄推断中的初步研究

目的探讨ERCC1和XPF基因mRNA及蛋白在不同年龄段健康汉族人群中的表达情况,分析其mRNA和蛋白表达量与年龄之间的相关性,以期为法医学年龄推断提供新的分子生物学指标。方法收集150例不同年龄段健康汉族人群外周血样,梯度离心法分离血浆,Trizol法提取外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)总RNA;实时荧光定量PCR检测ERCC1和XPF基因mRNA在PBMCs的相对表达量;酶联免疫吸附试验检测ERCC1和XPF蛋白在血浆中的表达量。结果 ERCC1和XPF基因mRNA在不同性别PBMCs的相对表达量均无统计差异(P0.05)。ERCC1和XPF基因mRNA相对表达量在不同年龄段有统计学差异(P0.05),且不同年龄段组间比较亦均有统计学差异(P0.05)。回归分析显示ERCC1和XPF基因mRNA相对表达量与年龄呈负相关,其相关系数(r)分别为-0.578和-0.844;以年龄为自变量(x),以mRNA相对表达量为因变量(Y),其拟合曲线分别为Y=3.3E-5x~2-0.0261x+1.9175(R~2=0.3244,P0.01)、Y=0.0003x~2-0.0459x+2.0439(R~2=0.729,P0.01)。血浆中ERCC1和XPF蛋白表达量在不同年龄段及性别间均无统计差异(P0.05)。结论 ERCC1和XPF基因mRNA在PBMCs的相对表达量随年龄增加而下降,其血浆中蛋白表达与年龄无关,为建立ERCC1和XPF基因与年龄之间的数学模型提供理论学依据。     

作为第四规则的法律方法及其功能

对司法而言,法律方法可视为除了法律、习惯和法学学理之外,法官进行司法裁判时所运用的“第四规则”,也是法官在司法中保守法律宗旨和规定,并同时有所作为的基本工具依赖.作为“第四规则”的法律方法,在司法中对法律和法治发挥着四种功能：即对法律和法治的守成功能;对法律和法治的外溢（烁）功能;对法律和法治的内卷功能以及对法律和法治的补漏功能.这些功能,有些籍由所有的法律方法获得,如守成功能;而有些籍由特定的或部分的法律方法获得.     

一事不再理原则重述

现代意义上的一事不再理原则以保障人权、实现诉讼效益为价值依归,其确切的涵义包括了诉讼系属的效力和判决的既判力两个层面.同时,一事不再理原则也是一项操作性和实践性很强的诉讼原则,本文深入探讨和分析了其价值根基和运作机制.     

中国—东盟自由贸易区实践对“一带一路”建设经济规则制定的借鉴探析

"一带一路"沿线国家的发展面临着机制整合问题,建立统一的经济规则能够深化沿线国家的合作,这种规则的建立可以从中国—东盟合作中寻求经验借鉴。本文在比较东盟国家与"一带一路"沿线国家的基础上,探求中国—东盟合作发展的经验,为"一带一路"国际合作高峰论坛举办和制定"一带一路"经济规则提供参考意见。     

公司治理中股票期权激励制度分析

一、引言 股票期权的应用早期出现在美国。1952年,一家名为菲泽尔的公司为了规避公司经营者较高的个人所得税,该公司在雇员中推出了世界上第一个股票期权的计划。其后美国人发现,股票期权不仅可以吸引和留住企业所需的人才,还可以激励经营者努力为公司创造利润,使员工的利益目标与股东的利益目标最大限度地趋于一致,     

The Contagious Diffusion of Worldwide Terrorism: Is It Less Common Than We Might Think?

Studies of the contagious spread of insurgency and conflict across national boundaries has generated a good deal of empirical research over time. While the contagious spread of terrorism has also been a policy concern, few empirical studies exist on the extent to which terrorism spreads contagiously. This article uses methods developed by criminologists to study the spread of crime to examine the worldwide diffusion of terrorism from 1970 to 2013. We distinguish between contagious increases (based on shared borders) and non-contagious increases (where no borders are shared). We define the “domino effect” as a particular type of contagious diffusion where high levels of terrorism spread to an adjoining country but also remain high in the host country. Our analysis shows that both contagious and non-contagious diffusion has been rare over the past 43 years, non-contagious diffusion is more common than contagious, and when contagious diffusion occurs, it is very likely to occur according to the domino effect.     

街头官僚的角色定位与责任控制

1977年,李普斯基（Lipsky）首次提出＂街头官僚＂的概念,从而成为此类研究的一个基础理论。近年来,我国的社会矛盾不断加剧,媒体曝光的群体性事件也不断出现,究其原因,都有一个共同点,那就是政策执行走样,成为社会稳定的隐患。随着＂上有政策下有对策＂的情况越来越多,如何保证政策执行的有效性成为公共行政的一个重点和难点。本文在分析了街头官僚的角色定位和自由裁量权与公共利益的矛盾的基础上,提出街头官僚责任控制的相关对策。