公司治理中股票期权激励制度分析

一、引言 股票期权的应用早期出现在美国。1952年,一家名为菲泽尔的公司为了规避公司经营者较高的个人所得税,该公司在雇员中推出了世界上第一个股票期权的计划。其后美国人发现,股票期权不仅可以吸引和留住企业所需的人才,还可以激励经营者努力为公司创造利润,使员工的利益目标与股东的利益目标最大限度地趋于一致,     

The Contagious Diffusion of Worldwide Terrorism: Is It Less Common Than We Might Think?

Studies of the contagious spread of insurgency and conflict across national boundaries has generated a good deal of empirical research over time. While the contagious spread of terrorism has also been a policy concern, few empirical studies exist on the extent to which terrorism spreads contagiously. This article uses methods developed by criminologists to study the spread of crime to examine the worldwide diffusion of terrorism from 1970 to 2013. We distinguish between contagious increases (based on shared borders) and non-contagious increases (where no borders are shared). We define the “domino effect” as a particular type of contagious diffusion where high levels of terrorism spread to an adjoining country but also remain high in the host country. Our analysis shows that both contagious and non-contagious diffusion has been rare over the past 43 years, non-contagious diffusion is more common than contagious, and when contagious diffusion occurs, it is very likely to occur according to the domino effect.     

街头官僚的角色定位与责任控制

1977年,李普斯基（Lipsky）首次提出＂街头官僚＂的概念,从而成为此类研究的一个基础理论。近年来,我国的社会矛盾不断加剧,媒体曝光的群体性事件也不断出现,究其原因,都有一个共同点,那就是政策执行走样,成为社会稳定的隐患。随着＂上有政策下有对策＂的情况越来越多,如何保证政策执行的有效性成为公共行政的一个重点和难点。本文在分析了街头官僚的角色定位和自由裁量权与公共利益的矛盾的基础上,提出街头官僚责任控制的相关对策。     

论英国宪法的进化及其启示——一种宪法发展形态的研究

宪法进化是一种较为科学的宪法发展形态.英国宪法发展的具体形态为宪法进化,这是因为:英国宪法的具体规范和制度是以进化形态生成的;英国宪法的基本体系是以进化形态形成的;英国宪法的效力是以进化形态成长的.英国宪法的进化具有连续性、自主性、持续性、模糊性等特征.在宪法异化泛滥、宪法正常发展遭扭曲的今天,英国宪法的进化型发展形态是世界宪法史上难得一见的景观,它对我国宪政建设有着重要的启示作用.     

乡村文化传统与农村基层党的建设

乡村文化传统精华与糟粕并存。它对农村基层党的建设有着深刻的影响。新形势下,我们要继承和改造乡村文化传统,促进农村基层党的建设。     

积极推动泛长三角区域发展分工合作的几点思考

该文分析了推动泛长三角区域发展的重大意义,从历史联系、区位优势、经济联系等角度着重论证了安徽省积极参与泛长三角区域发展分工与合作的时机已经成熟,提出安徽省积极参与泛长三角发展与合作,重点要从建设五大基地、承接产业转移、推进项目合作、重点区域率先融入、加强研究和宣传工作等方面入手。     

青年外交与东亚共同体的建构

从青年外交和东亚共同体的概念界定入手,通过青年外交是东亚共同体建构的重要动力源之一的假设,并从青年外交补充国家外交的不足、适应全球公民社会发展的需要、塑造东亚共有利益的有效途径、影响东亚未来发展的重要因素等四个方面予以求证,最后作出青年外交能有效推动东亚共同体建构的结论.     

建立生态型工业的制度安排和政策体系构想

国内外实践证实,工业污染物排放的30%-40%是由于管理不善造成的,只要强化制度管理,便可获得降低资源消耗、减少污染排放、保护生态环境的明显效果.工业化进程中原有的线性技术范式,因资源能耗的低价性和生态环境的无价性,难以维持人类发展的可持续;加之物质和能量传输半径的约束,只得依托工业团区建立循环技术范式.因此,需要在发挥市场基础性作用的同时,建立资源与环境有偿消费的资源产权、环境产权、税收激励、绿色采购、财政金融、污染责任等经济制度,设计信息发布、教育培训、绿色消费、自觉行动、绿色技术等相关政策,加强一体化管理、生态化改进、定期性评审、公共化信息、绿色化运作、集成化服务等管理制度建设.     

The durability of governance reform: A two-wave audit of notice and comment policymaking in China

The notice and comment process, in which government organizations make public draft laws and regulations and solicit feedback on these proposals, is a prominent governance reform in contemporary China. This article examines the durability of notice and comment policymaking by conducting a pair of audits of the practices of dozens of central government ministries and provincial governments. There are a number of reasons to expect that it is difficult to sustain governance reforms in China. Nevertheless, the audits—which the authors carried out in 2014 and 2021—demonstrate that, subject to a number of constraints, notice and comment policymaking was routinely implemented by government organizations throughout the period under analysis. Although the notice and comment process is a durable governance reform, additional research is needed before it can be concluded that the procedure brings more than a veneer of transparency to Chinese policymaking.     

我国社会转型时期行政伦理建设的整体反思

我国当前行政伦理建设处于从传统伦理社会向现代公民社会转型的社会背景之中.私德型伦理向公德型伦理转化、神圣型伦理向世俗型伦理转化和身份型伦理向契约型伦理转化必将影响我国的行政伦理发展.我国行政伦理建设领域中存在的诸多问题要求我们必须从核心目标、基本环节、路径选择和有效措施等方面构建我国当前行政伦理的发展模式.