刑法主观主义之生成根基

刑法主观主义生成的根本推动力是经济因素。经济结构的变迁引起社会结构的变迁,而伴随社会结构的变迁,犯罪必然呈现出新特征,最终导致刑事犯罪治理策略取向由个人本位转向社会本位,从而导致刑法主观主义生成并渐趋强势。刑法主观主义并非只是为了作为客观主义的对立面而生成,而是对时代变迁的必然回应,是时代的必然产物。     

Book reviews

Turkey in the Middle East By Philip Robins. Pinter for the Royal Institute of international Affairs. 1991.130 pp. £22.50. ISBNO 86187 198 7. PBk £8.95. ISBN 0 86187 1995.

Hitler Slept Late and other blunders that cost him the war By James P. Duffy. London: Praeger. 1991.176pp. £17.50.

Alliance within the alliance: Franco‐German Military Cooperation and the European Pillar of Defense By David G. Haglund. Boulder: Westview Press, 1991. 213 pp.

Homeward Bound? Allied Forces in the New Germany Edited by David G. Haglund and Olaf Mager. Boulder: Westview Press, 1992. 299 pp. £24.95

Avoiding War: Problems of crisis management By Alexander L. George (ed.), Westview Press, 1991. 590 pp. £16.95.

The Future of NATO: Facing an Unreliable Enemy in an Uncertain Environment By S.N. Drew et al. Praeger Publishers, New York, 1991. pp. 206.

Parliament and international relations Edited by Charles Carstairs and Richard Ware. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1991. 195 pp. £12.99 (paperback)     

低血清培养PK-15细胞系对TGEV增殖规律的研究

为降低疫苗生产综合成本,本研究探讨了以低血清培养基(M08011)替代常规细胞培养基(DMEM)的可行性。本研究依次采用含100、80、50、30、20、10、0mL/L血清的低血清培养基(M08011)驯化PK-15细胞,并考察猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)在低血清培养的PK-15细胞系中的增殖规律。结果显示,驯化后的PK-15细胞在含100、80、50、30、20 mL/L的低血清培养基中生长状态良好,与常规培养基所培养的PK-15细胞无差异。低血清培养体系培养PK-15细胞时,血清最低添加量为20 mL/L。用该体系培养的PK-15细胞接种TGEV后,TGEV的TCID50为10^-4.97/100μL,与常规条件培养的TGEV的TCID50为104.88/100μL相比,差别不明显。TGEV接种PK-15细胞,低血清培养基中血清浓度降低至20 mL/L,毒价未受到影响。结果表明,本研究建立的PK-15细胞及TGEV低血清培养体系可初步应用于TGEV的增殖培养,为相关疫苗研发奠定了基础。     

Skull identification by means of superprojection using the electronic photo-composition technique, modified to the animated picture-difference procedure (author's transl)

Skull identification by electronic photo-composition can, with the help of a video-animation compositor, be further developed beyond the pure superprojection technique into an animated picture difference image. The employment of this combined technique to be recommended on account of the improved possibilities of control to be realized in the congruity of the superprojection composite picture.     

Improved skull identification using the superprojection technique with the help of a video-tape system (author's transl)

The photographic identification of a skull through the well-known superprojection technique can be modified and decisively improved by the use of a video-tape system. The identification method based on electronic photo composition is methodically simple to use. It offers the examiner the possibility to recognize the relationship between bone and soft part proportions, and the structure of the bone surface and the details of the soft part shape, as a concrete, tangible characteristic of identity to a substantially greater extent. The large number of controllable characteristics inherent in the ihgh degree of individuality of the skull offers not just an either/or "The skull fits"/ "It does not fit" into a photograph, but achieves proof of disproof of identity.     

老纽约社会的婚姻--论伊迪丝·华顿的纽约小说创作

20世纪初,美国文坛上升起了一颗璀璨之星,即女作家伊迪丝·华顿。她运用细腻的人物心理描写和精当的语言描绘了一幅“老纽约”贵族女性的生活蓝图,以独特的视角审视上流社会中女性的地位及其命运。本文在仔细研读华顿作品的基础上,分析其小说创作中的婚姻主题,认为她通过对这些贵族女性的生活际遇以及她们所处社会环境的错置现象的叙写,揭示出女性在父权制社会中的从属地位,进而窥视其反抗的声音以及日益增强的女性自我意识。     

转型时期政府扩大就业的路径选择

就业问题不仅是重大的经济问题 ,也是重大的政治问题 ;不仅是现实的紧迫问题 ,也是长远的战略问题 ,必须给予高度重视。为解决转型中的就业问题 ,政府要根据发达国家解决就业问题的成功经验并结合我国的特殊国情来选择扩大就业的路径     

Bremse oder Gaspedal? Eine empirische Untersuchung zur Wirkung der direkten Demokratie auf den Steuerstaat

This article analyzes the relationship between the different forms of direct democratic participation and the size of the tax state in the Swiss cantons for the period from 1983 to 2000. The analysis distinguishes between the different effects of the financial referendum and the initiative. Theoretical arguments suppose that the financial referendum curb the tax state, whereas the initiative is expected to contribute to its growth. Pooled time series analyses show that legal conditions of direct democratic participation in general and especially the legislation on financial referenda are much more important than the frequency of plebiscites for the explanation of the different sizes of the tax states in the cantons. As an additional result of the analyses, the impact of direct democracy on the tax state turns out to be much larger in the 1990s compared to the decade before.     

试论我国行政法院制度建构

行政法院制度起源于西方大陆法系国家并在这些国家得到了发展完善,其中以法国行政法院和德国行政法院为代表。我国引进行政法院制度,有利于建设法治国家体系、保证行政审判独立和高效解决行政纠纷。为此目的,基于国情,我国行政法院制度的建构既将有别于法国模式和德国模式,也将有别于我国普通法院制度。     

侦查程序性质浅议

公安机关的刑事侦查行为既不是刑事司法行为 ,也有别于一般的行政执法行为。刑事侦查行为不受司法机关监督的局面是不正常的 ,但完善这种监督又不能采取提起行政诉讼的事后监督方式 ,而应当采取同步监督 ,即贯彻令状主义的方式 ,使侦查程序成为真正的司法程序