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A new method was developed for pre-concentration, chiral separation and determination of multiple illicit drugs on forensic samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) with Ultra Violet (UV) detection. The method was based on the formation of tiny droplets of an organic extractant in the prepared sample solution using water-immiscible organic solvent (chloroform) dissolved in water-miscible organic dispersive solvent (isopropyl alcohol). The organic phase, which extracted heroin, DL-methamphetamine, DL-3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and dl-ketamine from the prepared sample solution, was separated by centrifuging. The sedimented phase was transferred into a small volume CE auto-sampler vial with 10 μL of 1% HCl methanol solution and evaporated to dryness. The residue was reconstituted in lidocaine hydrochloride aqueous solution (internal standard) and introduced by electrokinetic injection into CE. Parameters affecting extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under optimum conditions, linearity of the method was 0.15-6500 μg/L for all target analytes. The LODs (S/N=3) were 0.05-0.20 μg/L. Excellent repeatability (RSD ≤ 4.4%, n=5) was achieved. The feasibility of this method was demonstrated by analyzing spiked forensic samples. To our knowledge, it is the first time to combine DLLME with CE for chiral separation and determining illicit drugs on forensic samples. 相似文献
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Computational Study of Fracture Characteristics in Infant Skulls Using a Simplified Finite Element Model 下载免费PDF全文
Binhui Jiang Ph.D. Feng Zhu Ph.D. Libo Cao Ph.D. Barbara R. Presley M.S. Ming Shen M.S. King H. Yang Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(1):39-49
Skull fracture characteristics are associated with loading conditions (such as the impact point and impact velocity) and could provide indication of abuse or accident‐induced head injuries. However, correlations between fracture characteristics and loading conditions in infant and toddler are ill‐understood. A simplified computational model representing an infant head was built to simulate skull responses to blunt impacts. The fractures were decided through a first principal strain‐based element elimination strategy. Simulation results were qualitatively compared with test data from porcine heads. This simplified model well captured the fracture pattern, initial fracture position, and direction of fracture propagation. The model also very well described fracture characteristics found in studies with human infant cadaveric specimens. A series of parametric studies was conducted, and results indicated that the parameters studied had substantial effects on fracture patterns. Additionally, the jagged shapes of sutures were associated with strain concentrations in the skull. 相似文献
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市场导向条件经历了从美欧到西方世界小范围达成共识的过程,竞争是演进中的核心要素,竞争与贸易领域的天然联系是市场导向条件"竞争化"的原因。市场导向标准竞争中立化诠释了竞争中立从竞争领域向区域贸易规则渗透、再向多边贸易体制扩张的过程。区域自贸协定中的竞争中立以约束政府的方式规制国有企业,未能充分虑及经贸实际,使区域化协调国有企业规则的尝试面临重重困境。对多边补贴规则的修改是市场导向标准竞争中立化的新动态,恐将放大实践中矛盾与逻辑上的不自洽。WTO危机反映了规则静态与利益动态的冲突,以恪守多边主义为前提,采竞争与贸易"双轨"并行之策,在国际、国内层面协调国有企业规则,将有助于化解市场的导向分歧。 相似文献
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姚凤梅 《中国劳动关系学院学报》2004,18(2):90-92
交际法是一种既培养学习者语言能力又培养其交际能力的教学方法,为我国外语学界所认可并在基础教育外语教学中广泛采用。在成人英语教学中也应该引入交际法。 相似文献
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谈公安高校的警务化管理道路 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对公安高校警务化管理概念的诠释,指出公安高校发展警务化管理模式,走警务化管理道路的必然性。继而提出实施警务化管理的具体措施,以完善公安高校的管理制度,促进学生个性化发展。 相似文献