试析公共政策执行的风险因素

公共政策执行是公共政策过程的一个重要环节,通过执行使政策的预期目标得以实现.政策执行的结果既是检验政策是否科学的基本标准,又是后续政策制定的重要依据.可见政策执行过程对于政策过程的重大作用.但是在公共政策执行过程中存在许多风险因素影响着公共政策的有效执行,甚至使公共政策执行偏向或失败.     

民族伦理翻耕与重构之筹划

民族伦理所呈现的地方性知识谱系是一个蕴涵多元参照点的开放结构,它为伦理精神的翻耕与重建予以资源储备上的贡献。翻耕是对民族伦理资源的深挖与对百家伦理见解的吞吐;而重建是基于对民族伦理病灶的镜见与对民族伦理的现代病根的祛除。研究认定民族伦理的内核依然可以新旧相续,对民族伦理的翻耕与重建的筹划需借力对民族伦理的全新解释,并以此全新解释而获致地方性道德知识谱系的维护与民族伦理创见的突破。     

矫治工作者常见心理问题及其应对

矫治工作者是监所从事矫治工作的主体,对他们在工作中经常出现的心理问题进行研究,对矫治工作者队伍建设和素养提高具有重要的意义。矫治工作者常出现的心理问题包括常见认知偏差、情绪问题以及人际关系问题,矫治工作者可以通过自我接纳、内省以及专业成长等积极途径和方法应对这些问题。     

马病毒性动脉炎和马鼻肺炎抗体时间分辨荧光免疫分析检测方法的建立

以基因重组抗原包被96孔板,Eu3+标记兔抗马IgG,建立了马病毒性动脉炎和鼻肺炎抗体的时间分辨荧光免疫分析检测方法,对其特异性、灵敏性、稳定性进行了分析,并与进口ELISA试剂盒和微量血清中和试验进行了比较。结果显示,该方法交叉反应不明显,特异性好,灵敏度高于ELISA方法;该方法的批内和批间变异系数分别为2.68%～4.43%和4.21%～7.25%,Eu3+标记物可稳定保存5个月以上。证实,建立的马病毒性动脉炎和马鼻肺炎抗体的时间分辨荧光免疫分析检测技术灵敏度高,特异性和稳定性好,具有很好的应用前景。     

INTERNET INTERMEDIARIES’ LIABILITY FOR ONLINE ILLEGAL HATE SPEECH

Considering the prevalence of online hate speech and its harm and risks to the targeted people, democratic discourse and public security, it is necessary to combat online hate speech. For this purpose, internet intermediaries play a crucial role as new governors of online speech. However, there is no universal definition of hate speech. Rules concerning this vary in different countries depending on their social, ethical, legal and religious backgrounds. The answer to the question of who can be liable for online hate speech also varies in different countries depending on the social, cultural, history, legal and political backgrounds. The First Amendment, cyberliberalism and the priority of promoting the emerging internet industry lead to the U.S. model, which offers intermediaries wide exemptions from liability for third-party illegal content. Conversely, the Chinese model of cyberpaternalism prefers to control online content on ideological, political and national security grounds through indirect methods, whereas the European Union (EU) and most European countries, including Germany, choose the middle ground to achieve balance between restricting online illegal hate speech and the freedom of speech as well as internet innovation. It is worth noting that there is a heated discussion on whether intermediary liability exemptions are still suitable for the world today, and there is a tendency in the EU to expand intermediary liability by imposing obligation on online platforms to tackle illegal hate speech. However, these reforms are again criticized as they could lead to erosion of the EU legal framework as well as privatization of law enforcement through algorithmic tools. Those critical issues relate to the central questions of whether intermediaries should be liable for user-generated illegal hate speech at all and, if so, how should they fulfill these liabilities? Based on the analysis of the different basic standpoints of cyberliberalists and cyberpaternalists on the internet regulation as well as the arguments of proponents and opponents of the intermediary liability exemptions, especially the debates over factual impracticality and legal restraints, impact on internet innovation and the chilling effect on freedom of speech in the case that intermediaries bear liabilities for illegal third-party content, the paper argues that the arguments for intermediary liability exemptions are not any more tenable or plausible in the web 3.0 era. The outdated intermediary immunity doctrine needs to be reformed and amended. Furthermore, intermediaries are becoming the new governors of online speech and platforms now have the power to curtail online hate speech. Thus, the attention should turn to the appropriate design of legal responsibilities of intermediaries. The possible suggestions could be the following three points: Imposing liability on intermediaries for illegal hate speech requires national law and international human rights norms as the outer boundary; openness, transparency and accountability as internal constraints; balance of multi-interests and involvement of multi-stakeholders in internet governance regime.     

固相萃取技术（SPE）在苯丙胺类毒品分析中的应用

固相萃取（SPE）技术是利用固体吸附剂将目标化合物吸附,使之与样品的基体及干扰化合物分离,从而达到分离和富集的目的。SPE是20世纪70年代后期发展起来的一种样品前处理技术,本文主要综述了近10年来SPE技术在苯丙胺类毒品分析中的应用现状及其趋势。     

健脾通里中药芪黄煎剂对胃切除大鼠肠黏膜生物屏障损伤的影响

目的 观察健脾通里中药芪黄煎剂对大鼠胃切除手术创伤后肠黏膜生物屏障损伤的保护作用及其机制.方法 将90只SD大鼠随机分成空白对照组,假手术组,肠内营养组,芪黄煎剂低、中、高剂量组,每组15只.采用胃切除术复制大鼠肠黏膜损伤模型.空白对照组和假手术组术后自由饮水进食,不给予肠内营养液和中药;肠内营养组术后注射肠内营养液;...     

红外光谱结合化学计量学快速鉴别不同环境发汗丹参

目的 采用红外光谱法测定空旷阴凉、空旷光照及室内环境下堆积发汗丹参中水提物及醇提物特征,快速鉴别其质量.方法 采用傅里叶红外光谱技术结合化学计量学建立主成分分析-马氏距离(principal component analysis-Mahalanobis distance,PCA-MD)判别模型鉴别分析不同环境下发汗丹参...     

九华黄精炮制前后多糖类成分结构变化研究

目的 研究九华黄精酒制和九蒸九晒炮制前后多糖类成分的结构差异.方法 采用水提醇沉、透析纯化得到九华黄精生药材及其炮制品多糖,苯酚硫酸法测定总多糖含量,高效凝胶渗透色谱法、气相色谱法和红外光谱法解析炮制前后多糖分子量、单糖组成及结构差异.结果 与生黄精相比,酒制和九蒸九晒黄精多糖含量分别降低20.94％、26.51％.生...     

消癌解毒方联合R-CHOP样方案治疗弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤临床观察

目的观察消癌解毒方联合R-CHOP样方案治疗初诊弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤的临床疗效。方法将40例弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者采用随机数字表法随机分为治疗组与对照组,每组20例,治疗组采用消癌解毒方联合一线R-CHOP样方案,对照组单纯采用R-CHOP样方案,两组均化学治疗6个周期。比较两组患者临床疗效、生活质量变化及中医临床证候改善情况。结果两组实体瘤疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后卡氏功能状态(Karnofsky performance status,KPS)评分显著升高(P<0.05),中医证候积分显著降低(P<0.05),治疗组患者KPS评分升高程度和中医证候积分降低程度均显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论消癌解毒方联合R-CHOP样方案治疗弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤有助于改善患者临床症状,提高患者生活质量。