Legislators as Lobbyists

Public policy is produced by elected and unelected officials and through the interactions of branches of government. We consider how such interactions affect policy implementation and representation. We argue that legislators try to influence bureaucratic decisions through direct communication with federal agencies, and that such contact is effective and has consequences for policy outcomes. We provide empirical evidence of this argument using original data about direct communication between members of Congress and the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) along with decisions made by the DOL regarding trade and redistributive policies. We find that direct contacts influence DOL decisions, and the agency is more likely to reverse previous decisions when requested to do so by legislators. Our results challenge key assumptions and findings in the previous literature and have important implications for interbranch relations and informal means of control over the implementation of national policy.     

百年经验与时代要求:党纪律建设的创新路径

纪律建设是无产阶级政党的本质要求和根本属性,也是新时代全面从严治党的治本之策。马克思最早对无产阶级政党的纪律建设作出科学论述,初步确立起无产阶级政党的重要组织原则和纪律规范。纵观中国共产党近100年革命、建设和改革的历史,党的纪律建设的不断完善确保了路线方针政策的贯彻执行,成为百年奋斗历程的显著特点和最大优势。新时代创新中国共产党纪律建设的现实路径要坚持把政治纪律放在最重要的位置,认真学习和严格遵守党章,深化运用监督执纪"四种形态",大力巩固发展反腐败斗争压倒性胜利,充分发挥巡视监督在从严治党中的利剑作用。     

The Impact of Microcredit on Child Education: Quasi-experimental Evidence from Rural China

Abstract

This article assesses causal effects of formal microcredit on children’s educational outcomes by using household panel data (2000 and 2004) in north-west rural China. The unobservables between borrowers and non-borrowers are controlled in static and dynamic regression-discontinuity designs. The static analysis reveals significant positive impact of microcredit on schooling years in 2000 only, and no influence on academic performance for either wave. The dynamic analysis shows progressive treatment effects on both longer schooling years and higher average scores. Formal microcredit improves education in the longer term compared to the short term, and hence may help relaxing the grip of educational poverty traps.     

Distress Intolerance Mediates the Relationship between Child Maltreatment and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury among Chinese Adolescents: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a serious public health concern among adolescents. Identifying risk factors of NSSI is important to effectively prevent or reduce such behavior. Child maltreatment is one of the most widely recognized risk factors for NSSI. How child maltreatment and NSSI is related, however, is still unclear. The present study tested the temporal relationship between physical and emotional abuse and NSSI, with distress intolerance as the potential mediator. Potential gender differences on these associations were also tested. We assessed all study variables among 2259 Chinese adolescents (53.8% females; M_age?=?15.11 years, SD?=?1.57) for three times at 6-month intervals. The results showed that distress intolerance only mediated the relationship between emotional abuse and NSSI, but not between physical abuse and NSSI. In addition, this mediation effect of distress intolerance was significant only for females. The findings of this study can help researchers and practitioners understand pathways by which child maltreatment impacts adolescent NSSI. Implications for preventions and interventions of NSSI were discussed.     

车辆内接触DNA检测方法的分析比较

目的探讨汽车内接触DNA的分离方法及遗传标记分型效率。方法收集单人长期驾驶的11辆小型轿车,采用粘取法和擦拭法富集方向盘、变速杆和手刹三个部位的脱落细胞,采用磁珠法和硅胶膜法提取基因组DNA,采用GoldenEye^TM 20A和PowerPlex■Fusion进行扩增,并对检验结果进行比较分析。结果方向盘在基因座分型正确率、等位基因drop-in和drop-out基因座比率、单基因座正确率以及单基因座等位基因drop-in和drop-out率六个方面均表现最好,其次为变速杆,最差为手刹;擦拭法和粘取法之间DNA提取在获得的DNA总量和STR检测正确成功率方面无统计学差异;PPFusion与20A的总体基因座分型比较正确率无差异,但单基因座正确率优于20A,drop-out发生率低于20A,drop-in发生率高于20A。结论汽车内脱落细胞的检测可优先采集方向盘部位,根据载体质地选择擦拭法或粘取法采集脱落细胞,选用硅胶膜法或磁珠法提取DNA,PPFusion和20A两个试剂盒均可,分析结果时需特别注意drop-in和drop-out。     

烤烟新品种云烟202等龙岩烟区示范种植初报

为筛选出适合龙岩生态条件下栽培的优质、适产、抗病的烤烟品种,引进种植云烟202、云烟203、中烟102、中烟103在我市示范种植。试验结果表明:云烟202、云烟203的各项经济指标相当于对照品种K326,上等烟比例以云烟202表现最好,产量和经济效益以云烟203最高;中烟102、中烟103表现一般,各项指标均低于对照K326。云烟202、云烟203可进一步开展相应的配套栽培和调制技术研究。     

The distribution of conflict and attention across energy infrastructure

Across the world, public administration and policy decisions are related to diverse levels of conflict and attention. However, the degree and variance of conflict and attention remain largely unspecified. This article examines how types of energy infrastructure and characteristics of project location are associated with the distribution of conflict and attention around the energy infrastructure siting process. Our empirical focus is on gas pipelines, electricity transmission lines, solar power projects, and wind power projects across the United States in 2018. Primarily relying on regression analysis and interviews, this article finds differences in the distribution of conflict and attention intensity within and between these energy infrastructure types, with gas pipelines and wind power projects presenting relatively higher conflict and attention intensities. However, conflict and attention are skewed to low intensities across infrastructure types. Characteristics of project locations that are positively associated with high conflict and attention intensity include the proportion of Democratic voters and the level of urbanization in the places where projects are sited. In contrast, the proportion of Black or Hispanic residents is negatively associated with high conflict and attention intensity.     

谈高等职业技术学校教师实践能力的培养

企业需要实践能力较强的能直接顶岗的毕业生,而目前高等职业技术院校培养的毕业生不能满足企业的这种需求,造成这种现象的一个重要原因是高职院校的教师自身实践能力较差,针对高职院校教师实践能力差的现况,可采取安排教师到实践岗位进行专业实践、教师之间的交流合作、参加专业技术培训、获取技术职称证书、利用实验室或计算机房的实践教学功能、实训基地的建设等方法来全面培养高职教师的实践能力。     

中国CDM项目的结构分析与对策

本文对中国已开发的CDM项目在类型结构、减排量结构、国际合作方分布和地理分布等方面进行了量化分析和国际比较分析,探讨了其中存在的主要问题及其形成原因,并提出中国CDM项目开发应以可持续发展为宏观管理目标,实行技术优先和技术适宜原则,从政策上引导项目结构的进一步优化。     

俄罗斯宪法法院与人权保障

在当代的俄罗斯,宪法法院在人权保障方面所发挥的作用是不可替代的.国家与个人关系的重构为宪法法院保障人权奠定了基础.宪法诉愿是公民启动宪法诉讼程序的制度依据,而对社会经济权利的关注则是当下俄罗斯宪法法院保障人权的鲜明特征.