The Impact of Microcredit on Child Education: Quasi-experimental Evidence from Rural China

Abstract

This article assesses causal effects of formal microcredit on children’s educational outcomes by using household panel data (2000 and 2004) in north-west rural China. The unobservables between borrowers and non-borrowers are controlled in static and dynamic regression-discontinuity designs. The static analysis reveals significant positive impact of microcredit on schooling years in 2000 only, and no influence on academic performance for either wave. The dynamic analysis shows progressive treatment effects on both longer schooling years and higher average scores. Formal microcredit improves education in the longer term compared to the short term, and hence may help relaxing the grip of educational poverty traps.     

车辆内接触DNA检测方法的分析比较

目的探讨汽车内接触DNA的分离方法及遗传标记分型效率。方法收集单人长期驾驶的11辆小型轿车,采用粘取法和擦拭法富集方向盘、变速杆和手刹三个部位的脱落细胞,采用磁珠法和硅胶膜法提取基因组DNA,采用GoldenEye^TM 20A和PowerPlex■Fusion进行扩增,并对检验结果进行比较分析。结果方向盘在基因座分型正确率、等位基因drop-in和drop-out基因座比率、单基因座正确率以及单基因座等位基因drop-in和drop-out率六个方面均表现最好,其次为变速杆,最差为手刹;擦拭法和粘取法之间DNA提取在获得的DNA总量和STR检测正确成功率方面无统计学差异;PPFusion与20A的总体基因座分型比较正确率无差异,但单基因座正确率优于20A,drop-out发生率低于20A,drop-in发生率高于20A。结论汽车内脱落细胞的检测可优先采集方向盘部位,根据载体质地选择擦拭法或粘取法采集脱落细胞,选用硅胶膜法或磁珠法提取DNA,PPFusion和20A两个试剂盒均可,分析结果时需特别注意drop-in和drop-out。     

俄罗斯宪法法院与人权保障

在当代的俄罗斯,宪法法院在人权保障方面所发挥的作用是不可替代的.国家与个人关系的重构为宪法法院保障人权奠定了基础.宪法诉愿是公民启动宪法诉讼程序的制度依据,而对社会经济权利的关注则是当下俄罗斯宪法法院保障人权的鲜明特征.     

Distress Intolerance Mediates the Relationship between Child Maltreatment and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury among Chinese Adolescents: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a serious public health concern among adolescents. Identifying risk factors of NSSI is important to effectively prevent or reduce such behavior. Child maltreatment is one of the most widely recognized risk factors for NSSI. How child maltreatment and NSSI is related, however, is still unclear. The present study tested the temporal relationship between physical and emotional abuse and NSSI, with distress intolerance as the potential mediator. Potential gender differences on these associations were also tested. We assessed all study variables among 2259 Chinese adolescents (53.8% females; M_age?=?15.11 years, SD?=?1.57) for three times at 6-month intervals. The results showed that distress intolerance only mediated the relationship between emotional abuse and NSSI, but not between physical abuse and NSSI. In addition, this mediation effect of distress intolerance was significant only for females. The findings of this study can help researchers and practitioners understand pathways by which child maltreatment impacts adolescent NSSI. Implications for preventions and interventions of NSSI were discussed.     

The distribution of conflict and attention across energy infrastructure

Across the world, public administration and policy decisions are related to diverse levels of conflict and attention. However, the degree and variance of conflict and attention remain largely unspecified. This article examines how types of energy infrastructure and characteristics of project location are associated with the distribution of conflict and attention around the energy infrastructure siting process. Our empirical focus is on gas pipelines, electricity transmission lines, solar power projects, and wind power projects across the United States in 2018. Primarily relying on regression analysis and interviews, this article finds differences in the distribution of conflict and attention intensity within and between these energy infrastructure types, with gas pipelines and wind power projects presenting relatively higher conflict and attention intensities. However, conflict and attention are skewed to low intensities across infrastructure types. Characteristics of project locations that are positively associated with high conflict and attention intensity include the proportion of Democratic voters and the level of urbanization in the places where projects are sited. In contrast, the proportion of Black or Hispanic residents is negatively associated with high conflict and attention intensity.     

中国CDM项目的结构分析与对策

本文对中国已开发的CDM项目在类型结构、减排量结构、国际合作方分布和地理分布等方面进行了量化分析和国际比较分析,探讨了其中存在的主要问题及其形成原因,并提出中国CDM项目开发应以可持续发展为宏观管理目标,实行技术优先和技术适宜原则,从政策上引导项目结构的进一步优化。     

第三讲 浅论防止偷漏税问题

<正> 关于防止偷漏税的问题,始终是各国政府十分关注的问题。随着国际经济交往的日益发展,对于防止国际偷漏税的问题,也已引起国际组织的重视。关于偷漏税在各国和国际上所造成的税收上的损失,极少详细报道或公布估计的数字,但是从已经反映出的情况看,无论是对于经济发达国家还是发展中国家,这种损失都是相当大的,对于这些国家预算所造成     

俄罗斯的防救灾体系

作为世界上灾害事故频发的国家之一,俄罗斯对于本国的灾害响应工作十分重视。俄罗斯不断加强俄罗斯联邦紧急状态预防和响应统一国家体系(UEPRSS)和俄联邦民防、应急与减灾部(EMERCOM)的发展整合,规范应急响应的制度和程序,努力打造及时、正确的灾害管理体系。     

关于法治概念的界定

法治是一个系统工程,法治的概念也是一个系统的概念,有着丰富的内涵和外延。它是一个原则,一种秩序,一种价值,一种状态,一个目标,一个过程。从不同的角度去分析和判断,人们能够得出法治这个概念的不同意义,从而形成法治的多维视角。