"国家尊重和保障人权"之法律关系解读

从法律关系的视角,探析我国《宪法(修正案)》"国家尊重和保障人权"这一条款的法理意蕴,应当强调公民是人权关系的权利主体,而国家则是尊重和保障人权的义务主体。国家在尊重和保障人权中担当义务主体有其历史必然性和现实必要性,同时要正确理解国家概念及其变化、国家和个人的关系。人权主体具有普遍性和多样性,人权主体的普遍性关涉权利平等问题,个人人权、集体人权和群体人权的性质各不相同。人权的分类既有传统的分类理论,也出现了新的分类方法,国家尊重人权的义务和保障人权的义务是两种内涵不同的义务。     

Validation studies of the ParaDNA® Intelligence System with artificial evidence items

Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling is one of the mostly used systems for forensic applications. In certain circumstances, STR profiling is time-consuming and costly, which potentially leads to delays in criminal investigations. LGC (Laboratory of the Government Chemist, UK) Forensics has developed a robust STR profiling platform called the ParaDNA^® Intelligence Test System which can provide early tactical intelligence and aid investigators in making informed decisions on sample prioritization for detection. Here, we validated the ParaDNA intelligence test for its application in forensic cases using a range of mock evidence items following guidelines set by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM). Specifically, we tested the sensitivity and accuracy of the ParaDNA intelligence test, as well as the success rates for detecting mock samples and for use in case scenarios. Our findings demonstrate that the ParaDNA intelligence test generates useful DNA profiles, especially for samples such as blood, saliva, and semen that contain ample DNA, indicating the benefits of including ParaDNA as a prior step in forensic STR profiling pipelines.     

China’s ten years in the wto: its performance and new challenges

Becoming a member of the WTO in 2001 was a historic event of great significance during the process of China’s reform and opening up. Since then, China has steadily pushed forward the reform and opening up policy, proactively seizing the opportunities of economic globalization and positively utilizing the multilateral trading system to develop economic and trade relations with other countries, all of which have contributed to the great economic and social achievements during the first decade of 21st century. However, there are different opinions on China’s futuristic role in the WTO, and those disagreements resulting from various interest preferences are not only one-sided and limited, but also triggering off the discussions on the criteria to assess China’s performance in the WTO. This article argues that China’s activities in the WTO (i.e., implementing WTO commitments, participating in the Doha Round negotiation, the dispute settlement and trade policy review) should be a kind of assessment criteria. Based on comprehensive observation of China’s performance in the WTO, it is concluded in this article that China’s participation in the WTO system and global trade governance extends the scope of world trade law, improves its effectiveness, constitutes China’s new contributions to implement treaty obligations in good faith, resolves peacefully international trade disputes, and maintains substantively the international rule of law. At the same time, it has not only caused new driving forces for international trading system, but also made China face new challenges in the WTO.     

韩国中长期经济发展战略评析

在近年来经济发展停滞不前的困境下,韩国制定了五到十年的中长期经济发展战略,旨在重振韩国经济活力,为2010年到2025年的长期经济发展打下基础.本文介绍了韩国这一战略的出台背景及主要内容,并对影响战略实现的因素做了进一步分析,同时指出韩国实施中长期发展战略的措施选择.主要观点是,韩国中长期经济发展战略的实现将依赖于其经济增长模式、韩国企业与产业发展方式的转变以及东北亚中心地位是否形成等多种因素的共同作用.未来五到十年将是韩国经济重新恢复活力的关键阶段.     

有关调解法制定的若干问题（下）

(接上期)2.以人民调解法统合各种类型民间社会性调解的方案。这一方案是司法部目前正在论证的人民调解法的基本倾向。其要点是:首先,考虑到司法部的权限和立法提案与起草中的实际问题,既不试图通过制定综合性的调解法建构多元化的调解或纠纷解决机制,也不准备拘泥于目前人民调解的制度框架。其目标是通过这一立法,在提高人民调解法律地位的同时,扩展其管辖范围和权限,最终将一切非司法、非行政性的调解都纳入“人民调解”的范畴。其次,这一方案将突破原有人民调解以地域性自治性为基点的定位,试图将业已存在的各类符合民间调解特点的跨地区…     

建立我国不动产物权变动法定公证制度的法理思考

当前,《中华人民共和国公证法》已经颁布,根据该法第十条的规定,法定公证制度在我国已经确立。与此同时与《公证法》内在关联性最强的《物权法》目前我国也正在抓紧制定,然而从已发布的《物权法(草案)》的情况看,在物权法制定过程中,对公证制度在我国物权法律制度中应有的作用认识不足,对不动产物权变动过程中引入法定公证制度采取了不应有的漠视和回避态度,而这一切正成为实现我国物权制度立法目标的重大隐患,笔者由此试对建立我国不动物权变动法定公证制度相关应然性问题作如下分析。一、法定公证制度是不动产物权变动过程的内在需要物权…     

洗钱罪若干争议问题研究

针对日益猖獗的洗钱犯罪,我国刑法第191条和《刑法修正案》(三)已经做了明确的规定,司法实践中也将其作为重点打击的锋芒所向。但是,关于“洗钱罪”的诸多问题,比如洗钱罪的上游犯罪、犯罪对象、明知的内容和程度等等,在我国理论界均争议较大,可谓众说纷纭。这在一定程度上影响到我国有关洗钱罪的立法及司法实践,有必要加以厘清。一、“上游犯罪”范围的界定准确把握洗钱罪,首先应把“上游犯罪”的范围界定清楚。综观各国关于洗钱罪的立法,对洗钱罪的“上游犯罪”范围的界定,大致有四种做法:一是将“上游犯罪”的范围限制为毒品犯罪。如1994…     

无效合同诉讼时效问题探析

无效合同的诉讼时效确定问题一直是司法实践中的难点.确认合同无效属法律对合同效力的价值评判,不应受诉讼时效的限制.而无效合同产生的返还财产和赔偿损失请求权应受诉讼时效的限制.无效合同产生的返还财产和赔偿损失请求权诉讼时效期间的起算,应根据当事人知悉其权利受到侵害的三种具体情形分别予以确定.     

绵羊血浆阿维菌素荧光高效液相色谱检测法的建立

建立了一种绵羊血浆中阿维菌素 (AVM )荧光高效液相色谱 (HPLC)检测法。用甲醇提取绵羊血浆中的AVM ,并用ODS C18固相萃取法进行纯化 ,纯化后的AVM经干燥处理后 ,用三氟乙酸酐和N 甲基咪唑对其进行荧光衍生化 ,用荧光HPLC进行检测。本方法的最低检测限为 0 .1ng/mL ,在血浆AVM含量 2 .5～ 5 0 .0ng/mL范围内 ,标准曲线方程为Y =2 72 12x -10 412 (r =0 .9995 ) ,样品的平均回收率为 92 .0 2 %± 6.3 3 %。批内变异系数 1.98%～ 6.2 2 % ,批间变异系数 2 .3 1%～ 8.94%。检测结果显示 ,本方法灵敏度高 ,干扰少 ,重复性好。     

大熊猫轮状病毒CH-1株外衣壳蛋白VP4基因的克隆与生物信息学分析

利用MA-104细胞培养增殖大熊猫轮状病毒CH-1株,提取总RNA,运用RT-PCR扩增外衣壳蛋白VP4基因,将其与pMD19-T simple vector连接并转化DH5α,经PCR扩增和测序分析进行鉴定,用生物信息学软件预测其功能,并构建系统进化树。结果显示,成功获得大熊猫轮状病毒VP4蛋白基因,长2 362bp,包含一个2 331bp的开放阅读框,编码776个氨基酸,测序结果在GenBank中的登录号为HQ641296。生物信息学分析表明,VP4蛋白基因编码产物分子质量为86 768.8u,理论等电点为5.56,半衰期为30h(体外哺乳类网状细胞),不稳定系数为28.64,脂肪指数为82.53,总平均亲水性为-0.265,最大疏水性为2.244,最小疏水性为-2.911;无信号肽序列;跨膜结构分析显示VP4蛋白无跨膜区,位于病毒膜外区;在VP4序列中的抗原决定簇主要位于VP4的N-末端和C-末端。预测其可能包含8个N-糖基化作用位点,15个蛋白激酶C磷酸化作用位点、15个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化作用位点、12个N-豆蔻酰化位点。系统进化分析显示,大熊猫轮状病毒的VP4基因与猪轮状病毒的VP4基因的进化距离最...