执政风险与民主执政

一个执政党从上台那一天开始,就不可避免地面临潜在的执政风险,中国共产党作为执政党也是如此。当前,党的执政风险呈现出风险因素的多发性、敏感性和规避功能脆弱性的特点。坚持民主执政,可以为识别执政风险提供基本依据、为增强执政风险意识提供基本途径、为化解执政风险提供基本力量。     

印巴克什米尔博弈

克什米尔冲突一直是印度和巴基斯坦两国关系中的核心问题,半个多世纪以来克什米尔见证了印巴两国关系的曲折和反复。文章从博弈论的角度分析了印巴在克什米尔问题上博弈的四种情况及其相对应的利害关系;并在此基础上阐述了两国必须认清的?客观存在的但又都不愿面对的基本事实。文章最后指出,无论用何种方法和平解决克什米尔问题,首要的条件是两国之间的政治互信。     

论巴基斯坦外交中的联盟战略——以与美国反恐联盟为例

自美国发动反恐战争以来,巴基斯坦不仅再次成为"前线国家",而且由于支持美国反恐战争而成为美国的"非北约主要盟国",在政治、经济、军事等方面获得了丰厚回报;但另一方面,巴基斯坦也面临着来自国内和国际的巨大挑战。     

国外少年司法恢复功能的基本内容及借鉴

我国现阶段少年司法系统的功能定位仍有所欠缺。国外少年司法系统除了完成对少年犯罪人的矫正功能外,必然要承担修复少年犯罪行为对社会各方面造成伤害的恢复功能。在了解国外少年司法恢复功能的基本内容的基础上,应以和解、家庭会议、结果复原为核心机制,创造性地发挥我国少年司法系统的恢复功能。     

俄欧关系:困境与前景

自欧盟东扩以来,俄罗斯与欧盟关系出现波动性起伏,导致俄欧关系从2006年起开始陷入僵局,至今尚未完全走出困境。然而,无论从地缘政治还是经济互补性角度来看,俄罗斯与欧盟都是非常重要的合作伙伴,而且双方也意识到当前彼此间关系的僵局并不符合自身利益,因而试图采取补救措施,以使双方关系步入正常发展轨道。     

程序的多重视角

程序是法学(法律)的一个独立范畴。由于语境不同,中西方对“程序”的理解有较大的差异,国内学者对法律程序进行解释时存在误读现象。完整地认识程序,需要完整的观察视角。只有从人权、法治、民主和经济等多元视角来诠释法律程序的价值和功能,才可能较完整地认识实体权利和程序权利的相互关系。     

TD-RAPD技术用于罂粟品种鉴定初探

目的探索TD-RAPD技术用于罂粟品种鉴定的可行性。方法采用改良CTAB法从罂粟叶片中提取DNA;TD-RAPD技术对种植于云南西双版纳地区的1个罂粟样品进行扩增分析。结果建立了罂粟DNA提取方法,从10个随机引物中筛选出6个引物用于罂粟TD-RAPD分析。结论TD-RAPD技术可用于罂粟DNA的分子标记,为罂粟DNA数据库建立提供技术方法,最终从DNA分子水平上追溯罂粟植物毒源。     

"国家尊重和保障人权"之法律关系解读

从法律关系的视角,探析我国《宪法(修正案)》"国家尊重和保障人权"这一条款的法理意蕴,应当强调公民是人权关系的权利主体,而国家则是尊重和保障人权的义务主体。国家在尊重和保障人权中担当义务主体有其历史必然性和现实必要性,同时要正确理解国家概念及其变化、国家和个人的关系。人权主体具有普遍性和多样性,人权主体的普遍性关涉权利平等问题,个人人权、集体人权和群体人权的性质各不相同。人权的分类既有传统的分类理论,也出现了新的分类方法,国家尊重人权的义务和保障人权的义务是两种内涵不同的义务。     

China’s ten years in the wto: its performance and new challenges

Becoming a member of the WTO in 2001 was a historic event of great significance during the process of China’s reform and opening up. Since then, China has steadily pushed forward the reform and opening up policy, proactively seizing the opportunities of economic globalization and positively utilizing the multilateral trading system to develop economic and trade relations with other countries, all of which have contributed to the great economic and social achievements during the first decade of 21st century. However, there are different opinions on China’s futuristic role in the WTO, and those disagreements resulting from various interest preferences are not only one-sided and limited, but also triggering off the discussions on the criteria to assess China’s performance in the WTO. This article argues that China’s activities in the WTO (i.e., implementing WTO commitments, participating in the Doha Round negotiation, the dispute settlement and trade policy review) should be a kind of assessment criteria. Based on comprehensive observation of China’s performance in the WTO, it is concluded in this article that China’s participation in the WTO system and global trade governance extends the scope of world trade law, improves its effectiveness, constitutes China’s new contributions to implement treaty obligations in good faith, resolves peacefully international trade disputes, and maintains substantively the international rule of law. At the same time, it has not only caused new driving forces for international trading system, but also made China face new challenges in the WTO.     

Validation studies of the ParaDNA® Intelligence System with artificial evidence items

Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling is one of the mostly used systems for forensic applications. In certain circumstances, STR profiling is time-consuming and costly, which potentially leads to delays in criminal investigations. LGC (Laboratory of the Government Chemist, UK) Forensics has developed a robust STR profiling platform called the ParaDNA^® Intelligence Test System which can provide early tactical intelligence and aid investigators in making informed decisions on sample prioritization for detection. Here, we validated the ParaDNA intelligence test for its application in forensic cases using a range of mock evidence items following guidelines set by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM). Specifically, we tested the sensitivity and accuracy of the ParaDNA intelligence test, as well as the success rates for detecting mock samples and for use in case scenarios. Our findings demonstrate that the ParaDNA intelligence test generates useful DNA profiles, especially for samples such as blood, saliva, and semen that contain ample DNA, indicating the benefits of including ParaDNA as a prior step in forensic STR profiling pipelines.