美国贸易协定政策评析——基于对USMCA、美韩FTA等贸易协定政策的分析

自特朗普政府以来,在"美国优先"外交政策主导下,美国将"减少双边贸易赤字"作为其贸易协定政策的直接目标,在此目标导向下实施了退出TPP、重新谈判北美自由贸易协定和美韩FTA,启动美日、美欧、美英贸易协定谈判等一系列政策活动.特朗普政府的贸易协定政策及其实施增加了全球经济政策的不确定性,扰乱了汽车及零部件等制造行业的全球价值链,加剧了国际投资环境和市场的不稳定性,对过去70多年来形成的全球贸易规则框架构成严峻威胁.拜登上任后,未对特朗普政府的全球贸易政策倾向有明显扭转,并有延续的意图.拜登政府对特朗普政府时期生效的贸易协定进行了全面审查,认可美墨加协定作为美国新政府未来贸易协定谈判模板的地位,且从其加强与友邦和盟国合作的贸易政策导向来看,拜登政府会继续推进特朗普政府时期已经生效的美墨加协定、美韩FTA 2.0、美日贸易协定和美日数字贸易协定的合作深度,大力推进美欧、美英贸易协定谈判.     

城市依法治理重大突发事件能力建设研究

具备有效应对和依法治理重大危机事件的能力,是城市治理体系和治理能力实现现代化的重要表征。目前,我国各大城市在依法治理重大突发事件的能力建设方面仍普遍存在法律制度不完善、治理机制不顺畅、治理本领恐慌、应急治理意识尚未深入人心等问题。提升城市依法治理重大突发事件能力的关键在于,坚持“五大原则”,统筹“五大环节”,完善“五大机制”,提升“五大能力”。     

论法律文本及其公布

法律文本是通过文字表达立法者意图的产物,是法治国家建立法治秩序的直接甚至惟一的依据。文本的基本要求是惟一性以及文字的清晰和严谨。在法律形成的过程中,对于法律文本中的错误,可以根据立法过程的不同阶段,以不同的方式进行修订、解释和修改。我国《宪法》和《立法法》对法律文本及其公布的规定比较简单,需要针对文本形成和公布的不同的阶段加以明确和完善。其内容包括:第一,在国家主席签署前,法律文本应当由立法机关自行撤回勘误处理或修改后按表决文本重新表决处理;第二,在国家主席签署以后,法律文本仅仅涉及一般性的文字的勘误由立法机关通过勘误程序进行修改,涉及对法条意思修改的则需要通过法律修改程序进行修改;第三,媒体公布必须要等权威机关签署公布后才能发布;第四,法律的标准文本公布后,还没有实施的,应当根据法律修改的程序进行。     

The Diffusion of the Concept of Public Figure in China

This article considers how and why the legal concept of public figure, which holds public figures to a higher standard that makes it more difficult for them to recover damages when suing for libel, has been diffused in China. The public figure concept developed in the U.S. context as an extension of New York Times v. Sullivan from public officials to public figures, reflecting the deeply embedded value of freedom of expression. Despite authoritarianism in China, the concept was adapted in the rulings of some local courts to define the limits of the right to reputation. The diffusion was a response to a stream of litigation against media organizations. In the process of diffusion and adaptation, courts have acted strategically to reshape the public figure concept and refashion its justifications. Given the political constraints on courts in authoritarian China, they have been careful to avoid applying the concept to public officials, and instead have applied the concept to public figures such as celebrities. The diffusion of the concept in China sheds light on theories of legal diffusion more broadly, by illustrating how the process of diffusion can be bottom‐up and open‐ended, and how it can occur even in a counter‐intuitive case in which there are significant political and ideational differences between the two countries.     

青年文化视域下95后大学生精神生活优化

青年文化是由青年群体创造并得到青年普遍认同的文化,它有助于95后大学生精神活动的开展、精神生活状态的提升和精神生活方式的丰富,但青年文化也带来95后大学生的精神生活发展超越性不足、精神需要内外结构不平衡、精神生活幸福感不强等问题.为此,必须通过构建理论、开展活动、优化组织、搭建平台等途径促进95后大学生精神生活的优化,帮助他们健康成长.     

An immunohistochemical study of basic fibroblast growth factor in early acute myocardial ischemia

With the use of immunohistochemistry, the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in early acute myocardial ischemia of rats was studied. It was observed that there was an initial (30 min) rise in bFGF expression in limited ischemic myocardium areas and perimyocardial ischemia areas. The grade of expression of bFGF increased with the continuation of ischemia. The results of image analysis and statistical process suggested that the expression of bFGF reach a high level in ischemic myocardial areas after three hour's of ischemia, significantly higher than in control group and in group B1, but no significant difference in pericardial ischemia areas and normal areas of the same group. In summary, early acute myocardial ischemia is accompanied by rapid and prolonged increase in expression of bFGF with characteristic spatial and temporal kinetic. This finding suggests that the immunohistochemical staining of bFGF provide objective morphologic evidence for the diagnosis of early myocardial ischemia.     

Detection of Diatoms by a Combination of Membrane Filtration and Transparentness,

Diagnosis of drowning remains a difficult issue in current forensic sciences. A large number of diatoms were lost by removing the supernatant after centrifugation in the conventional forensic diatom test. We developed a novel membrane filtration method to enrich diatoms from samples. A new solution using different ratios of acetic acid and eugenol is prepared to make the membrane transparent. These processes allow the diatom‐containing membrane to be visualized and identified easily by light microscopy. The tissues contaminated by water rich in diatoms were detected by the new method for the recovery of diatoms. Eleven drowning cases were analyzed by both the new method and the conventional method to compare the sensitivity of both methods. The recovery of the novel diatom test method was 54.2 ± 23.1%. The positive rate of the novel method has been proven to be superior to the conventional method in the diagnosis of drowning.     

提高检察机关普法的实效性研究

党的十八届四中全会提出建立"谁执法谁普法"的普法责任制,并推行法官、检察官、行政执法人员、律师等以案释法制度,对深入推进普法工作、强化全民法治理念提出了更高的要求。基层检察院作为法治中国建设的重要主体,也应积极转变理念,从实践入手,加强普法的实效性研究,参与到全民普法的实践中来。     

试论检察机关涉案财物管理中的问题及出路

涉案财物管理关乎司法公信力,关乎当事人的合法财产权益,关乎"以审判为中心"的诉讼制度改革的推进。涉案财物管理的规范及流转的高效是检察机关规范司法行为的内在要求。从检察机关涉案财物管理的现状来看,仍然存在移送环节缺乏监管、保管环节工作分散、审查处理标准不统一、涉案财物流转不畅等问题,建议确立以移送"作为证据使用的实物"为原则的衔接机制,探索建立专门性涉案财物管理机构,进一步完善检察机关涉案财物程序性处理的内部监督以及实体性处理的外部监督机制,以更好地实现公平正义。     

建设生态文明，实现社会可持续发展

中共十七大报告明确提出“生态文明”的概念,并将生态文明作为全面建设小康社会的一个目标要求。中国进行生态文明建设不仅具有很强的理论依据,而且是解决经济高速增长过程中诸多问题、实现经济社会可持续发展的内在需要。因此,一要加强生态文明教育和宣传,在全社会树立生态文明观念;二要加快转变经济发展方式,加强能源资源节约和生态环境保护;三要完善环保的法律和政策体系,为生态文明建设提供法律和政策保障。