Family strategy of economic inequality among brothers in Korean rural society, 1690–1795

This article examines how inequality among brothers was practised as a family strategy in Korean south-eastern rural society from the end of the seventeenth to the late eighteenth century as a response to local economic changes. The Wolchon area experienced a process of downward levelling in this period. Using the household registers and land registers, the authors reconstituted 58 families with brothers who held land and 406 families who possessed nobi (‘serfs’ or ‘slaves’) for further examination. As a family strategy, most of these families attempted a strategy of unequal inheritance that resulted in maintaining high economic status for only one of the children among all the brothers. This child, in most cases, would be the eldest son, but also could be another son. The degree of inequality among brothers with regard to nobi-holding declined over time. Most families successfully maintained inequality, and through this family status, by efficiently practising the unequal inheritance strategy, while some families failed to keep the same level of inequality by the end of the eighteenth century. The degree of inequality among brothers is intimately connected to family property size. Each family sought its own strategy to suit the actual economic condition of the family. While very wealthy families attempted to give a similar inheritance to all brothers to provide an equal chance to each of them, less wealthy families reduced the survival chances of some children by the concentration of property given to only one child.     

简析泰国皇家学术院在泰国标准语发展中的作用

泰语是泰国的标准语,泰国皇家学术院作为泰国在语言规划和语言政策方面最具权威性的官方研究机构,对泰语的发展起了重要作用,其地位相当于法国的法兰西学院和西班牙的塞万提斯学院。本文主要从泰语标准的规范、新词汇的认定、泰语的宣传和保护以及对国家语言政策的制定提供依据等方面简要分析泰国皇家学术院对泰语的发展所起的作用。     

论当代中国同世界关系的历史性变化

科学判断国际战略态势和国家定位,是确定党的路线方针政策的基本出发点.当代中国同世界的关系正发生着历史性的变化.在把握这一历史性变化的实质内涵和根本特征的基础上,剖析这一变化给中国和平发展带来的机遇与挑战,有助于深入理解党的十七大提出的具有首创性的国际战略新理念,实施正确的对外战略方针.     

生态补偿视阈下农村垃圾分类兑换激励引导机制研究——以安徽黄山市S县生态美超市运作实践为例

人类社会的生存和发展离不开良好的生态环境,农村垃圾处理是一个亟须解决的生态环境问题,完善的农村垃圾处理机制对社会主义生态文明建设及人与自然和谐发展具有重大现实意义。为此,黄山市S县将生态补偿机制与农村垃圾分类兑换相结合,因地制宜推出并践行了生态美超市这一农村垃圾分类处理的新事物。通过对黄山市S县生态美超市的调查研究,以生态补偿视阈分析生态美超市以物易物的垃圾兑换、科学化的维护管理、多元化的资金支持实践机制,发现农村垃圾分类兑换得以成功实践又掩映在公众参与和自我需求的调和、熟人社会从众心理、传统农耕空闲的自我调适、地方精英组织和领导的社会行动逻辑之下。虽然生态美超市的垃圾兑换激励引导实践有新颖独到之处,但在长效持续运行中还面临激励的暂时性、兑换物品的集中性及单一性、兑换过程中出现的"人情操作"、资金来源的政府依赖与多元化筹措缺位等挑战,由此造成可行性、可持续性受阻。这些问题的消解弥合,已成为打通农村环境治理"最后一公里"的当务之急。     

发挥工会"大学校"作用努力提高职工素质

发挥工会"大学校"作用,工会要充分利用更多的手段和资源,建立职工素质激励机制,搭建素质提升平台,创特色活动载体,开展文化体育竞技,加大职工教育培训参与管理力度,加强学习型、知识型、创新型职工队伍建设,努力推进职工队伍素质提升.     

浅析乡、镇政府在村委会选举中的定位

规范性文件界定的乡镇政府在村委会选举中的应然地位,在现实中没有得到应有的体现,乡、镇政府在村委会选举中处于"失位"的状态。本文指出乡、镇政府在村委会选举中的应然与实然地位的差距,提出有助于发挥乡、镇政府在村委会选举中的作用的建议。     

中国共产党整党整风教育活动的历史回顾及现实启示

中国共产党开展整党整风教育实践活动的经验及启示：必须;住确把握形势,结合党的事业进行：必须坚持群众路线,接受群众监督扩大民主参与;必须开展及时有效的批评与自我批评;必须坚持领导干部率先垂范,模范带头作用：谘须建立长效机制,为党员队伍建设提供科学保障。     

欧华联会的欧盟治理参与:路径、实践与趋势

欧盟治理的拓展为欧华联会的治理参与创造了宏观背景与路径。成立20年来,欧华联会在制度建设、政治参与、经济合作、公共外交、文化交流、次区域治理合作等方面积极参与欧盟及其成员国治理合作,对促进欧洲华侨华人社会的发展产生了积极影响。随着欧盟次国家治理的发展以及欧华联会治理能力的不断提升,其参与程度和治理成效更加值得期待。     

An interpretation of the genetic polymorphism and population genetic background of Ankang Han population via a novel InDel panel

In this research, genotyping data of 43 InDel loci in 311 Han individuals in Ankang City, Shaanxi Province, China were detected using a self-developed five-dye multiplex amplification panel. The allelic frequencies and forensic parameters of all InDel loci were calculated. The combined power of discrimination and probability of exclusion values were 0.999 999 999 999 999 998 827 39 and 0.999 887 424, respectively, which demonstrated that this 43-InDel panel was powerful for individual identifications in Ankang Han population. Moreover, genetic distances, pairwise F_ST values, principal component analyses, phylogenetic trees and STRUCTURE analyses were performed to investigate the genetic affinities between Ankang Han and reference groups. Population genetic investigations indicated that Ankang Han population had a close genetic relationship with Southern Han population compared with other reference groups.