Emerging cohort trends in housing debt and home equity

Abstract

Financial and market conditions in the 1990s caused a sharp increase in the housing debt (in constant dollars) of households now approaching or just past normal retirement age. Households now in middle age have also set new records for housing debt and will likely continue to carry high housing debt when they reach old age in 10 or 20 years.

In the future, this housing debt burden is likely to lead to financial and housing adjustments that suggest a qualitative change in behavior when these households reach the later stages of their working life. Many will need to work longer to service housing debt. When facing a life‐cycle downturn in annual income, households will be increasingly motivated to tap into their home equity, both by borrowing, for those who stay in their homes, or by downsizing and liquidating some equity, for those who choose to move.     

Unveiling the Political Elite: High-Ranking Chinese Officials on Television Talk Shows

Many high-ranking Chinese officials have recently changed their low-key persona and have discussed sensitive issues on television talk shows. Using complete participant observations of a CCTV talk show, we argue, besides officials’ personal factors, that the unequal power distribution between the central ministries and the promotion competition among officials is the mechanism that motivates senior officials to enter the spotlight. State ministries with less political clout and local officials are more active talk show guests. They take advantage of media interviews to enhance policy adherence, signal administrative needs, and display achievements to the central government. The media political platform also brings more personal interaction between Chinese media and political elite, which may increase personalization of politics and autonomy for the media.     

Government Support Programs and Private Investments in PPP Markets

ABSTRACT:

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have become an important tool for investing in and developing public infrastructure and services. However, many developing countries have failed to attract sufficient private investment from the PPP market. This article uses data from 4,484 PPP projects across 130 developing countries to investigate if and how distinct types of government support can attract more private investment. Results showed that capital, revenue, and in-kind subsidies directly provided from governments attract more private capital, while indirect supports through government guarantee policies do not. The institutional quality of a country enhances the positive relationship between direct government support and private PPP investments. Further, risk allocation plays a mediating role between government supports and private investment.     

毛泽东对中国社会主义事业的历史性贡献

把中国的民主革命引向社会主义的前途,并在基本条件具备的情况下,使之成为现实的社会制度,这是毛泽东对中国社会主义事业的一大历史性贡献。在如何建设社会主义的问题上,毛泽东提出进行马列主义同中国实际的第二次结合的历史性任务,努力探索一条适合中国国情的社会主义建设道路。在全国执政条件下能否找到一条保证党和人民政权纯洁性的有效途径,是毛泽东为之不懈努力和探索的一个重大的理论和实践问题。     

论中国行政决策程序中公众参与的理论脉络、宪法基础及立法原则

公众参与依托于民主理论,建立在人民主权的现代民主逻辑之上。中国宪法从人民主权、人权保障、公共利益保护以及民主监督原则四个维度,肯定了公众参与在行政决策程序中的合法性和必要性。虽然当前在中国已经形成在宪法之下的地方政府规章以及部分法律的专门条款共同构筑的法律体系,但是立法实践及其效果存在立法层次不完整和立法位阶不足等问题。今后立法应着重于构建国家层面的统一法律,并应围绕明确公众参与主体、创新公众参与方式、规范参与效力制度和明确公众参与的保障制度四方面原则展开建构。     

物权法自治性观念的变迁

由于传统中国没有为我们留下多少可资继承的刑法学知识遗产,而初步具备现代刑法学知识特征的旧中国刑法学又被不假思索地革了命,在挪用苏联刑法理论体系时,我们     

混合STR分型分析方法研究进展

混合STR分型的解释及分析一直是国际上法医物证领域研究的热点和难点。随着DNA检验技术的发展,案件中检出的混合STR分型呈现出模板量降低以及混合组分数增加的趋势,其解释变得愈加复杂,传统的人工分析方法已难以满足现实要求。近几年国外基于统计算法模型的自动化软件解析方法渐趋成为混合STR分型分析的主要方法。本文综述了混合STR分型分析方法的相关研究进展,包括人工为主的定性分析方法以及基于统计模型的基因型概率分析方法;讨论了混合STR分型分析方法的未来发展趋势以及人工智能技术的应用前景。     

东盟决策机制与东盟一体化

东盟的决策机制深具亚洲特点,东盟首脑会议和部长会议,尤其是外交部长和经济部长会议是东盟的主要决策机构;这些机构奉行全体一致原则、不干涉内政原则、y—x原则和协商原则,充分体现了东盟各国追求平等、互相尊重而又灵活应变的精神;颇具特色的决策机制有效地推动了东南亚国家的一体化,但随着东盟的扩大和深化,这一决策机制也暴露出沟通不足、效率低下等问题,如何改进决策机制,乃是东盟新世纪发展的重要课题。     

科学发展观视阈中的生态文明

十七大报告提出将"建设生态文明"作为我国实现全面建设小康社会奋斗目标的新要求之一,这是对科学发展观认识的进一步深化.生态文明是科学发展观的题中之义,建设生态文明要以科学发展观为指导,实现人与自然和谐互补、共同发展,经济建设与资源、环境相协调的良性循环.     

试论非传统安全合作对东盟国家间关系的推动作用

冷战后非传统安全问题的兴起,促使区域层次开始凸显为国家间安全合作的主要平台,安全地区化态势使地区合作成为一种新的安全、发展和战略思维。东盟地区的非传统安全合作进展以金融危机为分界线,随后一系列非传统安全问题的爆发促使该领域的合作在地区层面展开。通过对非传统安全合作促进东盟国家合作的多层面分析,可以推断,非传统安全问题将在广泛领域内推动东盟国家间合作,而不仅仅局限在非传统安全领域。