建设地方服务型政府的现实困境与发展理路

地方利益冲突已是我国社会矛盾的一大焦点。建设好地方服务型政府,有效化解地方利益矛盾是加强社会管理创新,实现社会和谐稳定的理性选择,是我国政府转型的重要价值取向。目前我国地方服务型政府构建面临诸多困境：＂服务为民＂理念缺失;公共服务市场化滞后,公共服务供给效率偏低;政府部门利益与社会公共利益不协调;政府绩效管理评估机制不健全等。重塑＂公民本位＂、＂服务为民＂服务理念;推进公共服务市场化改革,提升地方政府服务供给水平;健全公民有序参与机制,防止公共权力异化;健全地方政府绩效评估机制;实现＂政府本位＂回归＂社会本位＂;提高公务员综合素质,建立地方服务型机关等是建设地方服务型政府的基本发展理路。     

实用主义视野下刑法解释进路分析

在刑法解释中,客观解释、实质解释、目的解释、实质推理及司法能动主义等各种法律方法无不充斥着实用主义精神。总的来看,实用主义刑法解释观催生出几个统一,具体包括法律规则与生活经验的统一,法条主义与实用主义的统一,系统性后果与个案性后果的统一。实用主义解释观滋生负面效应:实用主义刑法解释观蕴含反动因素、缺乏民主约束、容易滋生犬儒主义。对实用主义刑法解释应从事前预防与事后救济两个层面进行完善,以保障解释结果的合法、合情、合理。     

当代西方恐怖主义威胁认知与治理目标和路径

恐怖主义威胁认知对治理政策的有效性具有决定性的影响,也是外部政策评估的有效切入点:威胁认知通过影响政策目标与政策路径,构成恐怖主义治理能够在多大限度内发挥其有效性的前提。九一一事件以来,西方对恐怖主义威胁出现了"传统智慧""本土恐怖主义"和"极端意识形态"三种不同的认知,治理政策经历了"全球反恐战争""反激进化"和"反极端化"三个阶段,政策目标经历了"文化安全化—族群安全化—思想安全化"的演进,政策路径出现了从"群体化"到"个体与群体兼重"再到"个体化"的转变。恐怖主义威胁认知的三个阶段演进,更多的是面对新恐怖威胁的被动更新,而非针对前一阶段问题所做的主动修正。这导致当代西方恐怖主义治理的既有政策有限性将会持续,反恐的政策负担会越来越重,甚至"越反越恐"。在当前国际恐怖主义不断发展变化的背景下,西方乃至全球的恐怖主义治理又处于一个需要更新威胁认知的关头,这可能会进一步影响当前恐怖主义治理的效果。     

Social Pressure Mediates the Negative Impact of Guilt on Fair Allocation in Multi-Party Interactions

Previous research documents the negative effect of guilt on allocation behaviors in three-party dictator games. In these studies, guilty dictators gave more resources to their victims but fewer to third parties. We test whether this allocation behavior reflects greater social pressure from the victim in comparison to a third party (Experiment 1), and whether this pressure is reduced if a guilty dictator must take away resources as opposed to giving resources to the two players (Experiment 2). In two experiments, participants distributed 200 tokens in a three-party dictator game after an experimental manipulation of guilt in which participants learned they caused or did not cause their partner to lose a potential reward. In Experiment 1, dictators randomly assigned to the guilty condition reported more social pressure from the victims. Social pressure differences mediated the relationship between the experimental manipulation of guilt and the distribution of tokens between the dictator’s previous partner and another player. In Experiment 2, guilty dictators randomly assigned to take resources from the other two players reported more social pressure from the new player, and distributed the tokens more fairly between their previous partner and the new player in comparison to guilty dictators required to give resources to the other two players. Participants’ allocation behavior reflects social pressure from victims (created by feelings of guilt) and third parties (which depends upon whether game outcomes for other players are framed as rewards or costs).

     

亲属间死亡赔偿请求权研究——兼论亲属间伤害赔偿

亲属间一方导致另一方伤害或者死亡,受害者本人或者其近亲属的损害赔偿权利与侵权法的价值并不契合,所以对亲属间的死亡赔偿请求权应予以适当限制。赔偿权利人只限于死者一亲等亲属,并且赔偿只限于加害人故意的情形下。直系血亲间一方致另一方死亡,死者近亲属不得提起赔偿请求。在处理此类案件时,还应注意赔偿与相关当事人的权利、责任的冲突问题并予以适当协调。     

Reforms in the petition letter and visit system of China and construction of a harmonious society

A petitioner participates in the administration of public affairs at his own discretion. A cooperative relationship exists between the petitioner, petition letter, office visits and the related functional departments. Good governance is reflected in petition system which is to set up a balance between public interests and citizens’ private rights. Institutional reform regarding the petition letter and visit system should focus on the “settlement of issues”. The specific design of the petition reform must comply with the requirements of good governance, balancing the rights and serving the interests of the parties concerned. Only in this way, can we achieve cooperative and harmonious governance of the society and still allow for the involvement of various forces in the society. The petition system plays an important role in promoting the cooperation and mutual assistance of public power and private rights, executing two-way persuasions, improving error corrections and regulating the settlement of disputes.     

责任政府语境下的行政问责制常态化探究

责任政府是现代民主政治的一种基本价值理念,它彰显了宪政体制下公共行政的民本取向与法治取向的和谐统一。一个有公信力和高效率的政府,理应而且必须是负责任并可问责的政府。因此,构建责任政府是我国行政管理体制改革的重要价值目标。而近年来兴起的行政问责制,昭示着政府治理范式的渐进转型,是我国构建责任政府的重要路径选择。当前,我国的行政问责制正由"风暴"现象向制度化和常态化层面转轨。完全实现行政问责制常态化,关键在于强化异体问责,厘清问责标准,健全公益诉讼制度,革新行政生态环境。     

在社区矫正中犯罪被害人的参与和权利保护

我国开展社区矫正以来,犯罪人的权利保障得到了前所未有的改善,但是,伴随着犯罪而存在的被害人的权利却没有受到同等程度的关注与尊重。在社区矫正中基本上是以社区矫正对象（犯罪人）为中心或本位的,被害人基本被排除在社区矫正之外。在当前的社区矫正试点和推进中,应重视和解决在社区矫正中犯罪被害人参与和权利保护问题。     

论邓小平德育思想对学分制下高校德育的指导

学分制管理体制下,高校德育实效性低下已成为不争事实。原因主要有三：一是德育生命线地位被虚化而没有得到落实;二是学分制下学生的德育目标如何合理确立以及实现却始终是一个难题;三是没有形成开放的德育思想。而坚持德育首位,落实德育为先的理念是解决德育低效的前提;实事求是,合理分居设置学生的德育目标是增强德育实效性的有效途径之一;树立开放德育理念,建立学校、家庭和社会三位一体的德育网络体系是提高德育实效性的重要保证。     

选课制度下提高《中国近现代史纲要》教学效果的几点思考

在选课制条件下,《中国近现代史纲要》课程的教学,出现了教学对象的多样性和因材施教的矛盾,大班化教学和开展课堂双向互动的矛盾,教学对象的分散性与实践教学的开展之间的矛盾,从而影响了教学质量的提高。对此,一方面应从教学管理的角度,在学生来源和班级规模上,对选课进行预先的干预,另一方面,则应从课程设置的角度,对实践教学进行统筹安排,以期提高该课程的教学效果。