Inter-regionalism in international relations: Comparing APEC and ASEM

  Depending on one's theoretical perspective, inter-regionalism is assumed by IR scholars to have arisen in response to the need to check the exalted power of the United States (and, in the economic realm, also the European Union and East Asia) and/or the growing complexity of world politics (the rise of “interdependence” or “globalisation”). More recently, inter-regionalism has also been interpreted as a way to enhance regional collective identities. This paper looks at the evolution and recent performance of APEC and ASEM in the light of these theoretical assumptions about the origins and the functions of APEC and ASEM. Its principal findings are puzzling: while there are indications that APEC and ASEM were indeed meant by governments to fulfil some of the functions identified by those theoretical perspectives, the evidence that APEC or ASEM effectively served any of them is thin. Their actual functions and their durability against the background of a seemingly poor political track record therefore need to be rethought. RID="*" ID="*" A more extensive version of this paper will be published in: H?nggi H/Roloff R/Rüland J (eds), Interregionalism and International Politics: Stepping Stone to Global Governance? London & New York: Routledge (forthcoming).     

网络诱致突发事件:概念、特征和处置

近年来网络诱致突发事件已成为政府应急管理实践中的重要课题。本文主要基于该类事件的本质特征,提出了网络诱致突发事件的概念,分析了其生成机理。在此基础上总结了目前该类事件应急处置中的几种消极行为模式及其处置困境,提出了提高该类事件应急处置能力的建议。     

Mesh-sided cots — yet another potentially dangerous infant sleeping environment

Two cases of accidental asphyxia involving an 11.5 month old boy and a 3.5 month old boy who each died after being trapped between the elastic mesh side of their cots and the cot mattress are reported. In both cases the original cot mattress had either been replaced or augmented by a less well fitting, thicker mattress. Particular problems that exist with these type of mesh sided cots are the potential for considerable stretching of the side of the cot admitting the relatively larger, poorly supported infant head, with elastic recoil of the mesh holding the head in potentially dangerous positions. To help determine whether accidental asphyxia has occurred, death scene examination in cases of sudden infant death during sleep should include reconstruction of the position of the body in the cot or bed, with careful examination of the structure of the cot/bed.     

The introduction of public–private partnerships in the Netherlands as a case of institutional bricolage: The evolution of an Anglo‐Saxon transplant in a Rhineland context

In this contribution, the introduction of contractual public–private partnerships (PPPs) in the Netherlands, more specifically the use of Design, Build, Finance, Maintenance, and Operations (DBFMO) contracts in Dutch infrastructure management, is analysed using a specific strand within the policy transfer and institutional transplantation literature: that of ‘institutional bricolage’. This perspective states that policy transplants come to fit their new institutional context stepwise. This contribution reconstructs the adoption process by which the Anglo‐Saxon‐inspired PPP practice is incorporated into the traditional ‘Rhinelandic’ practice of infrastructure management in the Netherlands, identifying four waves of PPP initiatives. It concludes that these waves and the difficulties that emerge in them stem from an ongoing struggle between actor coalitions, one aiming to preserve the transplant in its original shape, and others making attempts at bricolage. Shifts in power relations explain the progress and outcomes of the process of institutional transplantation.     

从气候变化到气候安全：国家的安全化行为研究

安全化是非传统安全问题形成的必经过程。在非安全领域的问题能够造成(潜在)威胁并已成为国际社会重要议程的前提下,国家所处的安全环境、本国独立维护安全能力所受威胁的认知以及国家与该问题起源地之间的地理距离,是决定该国是否将该问题安全化的主要因素。其中,国家有关自身独立维护安全能力所受威胁的认知是核心因素。英美两国在气候变化安全化上的行为表明:若某非安全领域问题具有全球性,那么国家与该问题起源地之间的距离可以等同于零。在这种情况下,如果国家安全环境受到较大威胁,那么国家认为其独立维护安全的能力也受到较大威胁,本国将该问题安全化的可能性增大。如果国家安全环境受到威胁较小,这将出现两种情况:第一,若国家认为其独立维护安全的能力未受较大威胁,那么本国将该问题安全化的可能性小。第二,若国家认为其独立维护安全的能力受到较大威胁,那么本国将该问题安全化的可能性大。为了限制国家在安全化行为上的反复变化给全球气候治理造成的障碍,联合国可以通过发挥集体安全机制的作用促使气候变化"集体安全化"。     

高校院系工会兼职干部激励因素及其绩效影响的研究 —— 以上海市若干所高校为例

研究运用激励理论分析了高校院系兼职工会干部积极性缺乏,动力不足问题产生的原因。在此基础上,构建了激励因素和绩效表现的结构关系,并利用统计分析和结构方程模型分析了两者之间的关系。研究发现,对于兼职工会干部的激励而言,精神回报是核心内容,人文环境能够提供有效保障,不妨碍本职工作是前提和基础,物质回报有利于工作积极性的提高,而个人成长是非常重要的因素。     

等速技术检测膝关节伪装瘫痪的可靠性

目的评估等速技术对健康青年志愿者配合及伪装膝关节运动的重测可靠性。方法 30名健康青年志愿者在30°/s角速度下间隔45min执行2次向心全力配合及半力、随机力量伪装膝关节屈伸运动,对2次测试的峰力矩(peak torque,PT)值进行统计学分析。结果全力测试的相对可靠性ICC值(0.892~0.956)大于半力和随机力量的ICC值(0.246~0.481),并且全力的绝对可靠性各参数数值均小于半力和随机力量。结论在配合条件下,等速技术对健康青年膝关节PT的检测具有良好的可靠性,并高于伪装条件下的可靠性。     

Why was apparent evidence ignored? The delayed relaxation of China's birth control

The ideal of evidence-based policy making (EBPM) may be hindered by delayed policy response to disclosed evidence. This article adopts Allison's three-lens decision-making framework to highlight technical, organizational, and political causes of delayed policy responses to apparent evidence. The study uses China's birth control policy as a case to examine the lag of policy adjustments. Although ample supply of evidence suggested earlier relaxation of China's one-child policy, major adjustments only happened after 2013 and failed to achieve significant results. The study indicates that a politics-informed EBPM approach may better position the role of evidence in policy processes by taking into consideration the unavoidable influences of institutions and politics.     

X染色体上高信息量SNP位点及其法医学价值

人类X染色体长154.8Mb,其上密布SNP位点,蕴涵着大量的信息。用于法医学鉴定的X-SNP标记多态性好、突变率低。本研究从Hapmap、NCBI的数据库中筛选了167个高信息量SNP位点,这些位点的等位基因在北京汉族人群中的分布频率均高于0.3,通过高通量、高灵敏度的检测方法可对各个X-SNP位点进行分型验证,通过正确的统计学分析可得到其法医学多态性参数。X-SNP位点具有一些常染色体遗传标记无法比拟的优点,作为常规STR基因座的补充,能用于解决特殊的亲子鉴定案,性别鉴定和混合斑鉴定。