Participatory action research into donor–recipient relations: a case study

This article describes the exploratory and preparatory phase of a research project designed to use co-operative enquiry as a method for transformative and participatory action research into relations between donors and recipients in two developing countries, Bolivia and Bangladesh. It describes the origins of the idea, the conceptual challenges that the authors faced in seeking funding, and what they learned from this first phase. The authors analyse why the researchers, as well as the potential subjects of the research, were uncomfortable with the proposed methodology, including the challenges arising from their own positions and the highly sensitive nature of the topic. They explain why they decided to abandon the project, and they reach some tentative conclusions concerning the options for participatory action learning and research in development practice.     

从苏/俄政治转型看现代政党政治的发展趋势

俄/苏在特定的历史条件下建立了多党联合政权,又在特定的历史条件下走向了一党统制。但这条路终究没有走通。苏共随着前苏联的解体而走到其历史的尽头,俄共则随着俄罗斯多党制的确立而浴火重生———虽然处境艰难,却也不失为俄罗斯政坛的一支重要力量。苏/俄政党政治的演变说明,只有基于合法竞争的适应政治民主潮流的政党政治,才有生命力;政治权力的垄断不仅会侵犯作为权力所有者的人民的根本利益,而且对权力的垄断者也是绞索。     

LC-MS/MS同时分析血液中五种巴比妥类药物

目的建立血液中巴比妥类药物液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法。方法血液中的巴比妥类药物用有机溶剂液-液萃取,以乙酰水杨酸为内标,LC-MS/MS测定。结果检测血液中五种巴比妥类药物的最小检出限(LOD)均为10ng/mL,线性范围在0.02￣10μg/mL内良好,方法的回收率70%￣87%。结论所建方法快速、灵敏、准确,可以满足临床毒物和法庭毒物分析的需要。     

五氟丙酰衍生化-气相色谱/质谱联用法分析尿液中7-氨基硝西泮

目的用五氟丙酰衍生化-气相色谱/质谱联用法分析尿液中硝西泮的主要代谢物7-氨基硝西泮。方法尿液经乙醚萃取后,用五氟丙酰酸酐(PFPA)进行衍生化,得到7-氨基硝西泮衍生化物的总离子流色谱图和质谱图。结果根据7-氨基硝西泮衍生化物色谱的保留时间和质谱中主要特征离子的质荷比进行定性分析;用7-氨基氟硝西泮做内标,以7-氨基硝西泮和内标衍生化物定量离子的色谱峰面积比与浓度的关系进行定量分析。结论用五氟丙酰衍生化-GC/MS分析尿液中硝西泮的主要代谢物7-氨基硝西泮的方法定性、定量灵敏准确,测定结果可应用于司法鉴定。     

两起死亡案例中去痛片成分的检测

去痛片又称索密痛,是一种含有氨基比林、非那西丁、咖啡因、苯巴比妥4种组分的复合制剂,其中氨基比林、非那西丁为解热镇痛药,属主要成分,一般每片均含150mg;咖啡因为中枢兴奋药,与前者配合能增强作用,一般每片含50mg;苯巴比妥有镇静催眠作用,能改善疼痛刺激反应起调节作用,一般每片含15mg,有时不含有。去痛片是最常见的解热镇痛抗风湿药,主要用于治疗发热、头痛、神经痛、肌肉痛以及活动性风湿病和类风湿性关节炎等症,而长期服用会成瘾[1]。由于去痛片价廉易得,近年来去痛片滥用的现象比较严重,尤其是在落后的农村地区,把去痛片当作万能药…     

Cultural encounters: learning from cross-disciplinary science and development practice in ecosystem health

Overcoming challenges to ecosystem health calls for breaking down disciplinary and professional barriers. Through reflection on a research and development project to address pesticide-related concerns in northern Ecuador, this article presents challenges encountered and accommodations made, ranging from staff recruitment, through baseline assessments and community education activities, to mobilising for policy change. In so doing, it exposes underlying problems of paradigm and process inherent in bringing researchers and development practitioners together, in addition to the problematic role of advocacy that is associated with joint research and development initiatives in the fields of agriculture and health.     

Domestic violence: A national study of the nature, size and effects of domestic violence in the Netherlands

This article reports on a large-scale nation-wide study conducted by Intomart among 1,000 randomly selected Dutch adults (male and female) about their experiences with domestic violence. An important goal of the survey was to generate general information on domestic violence. It turns out that nearly half of the Dutch population (45%) has at one time been a victim of some form of non-incidental domestic violence. It was also demonstrated that both men and women become victims of domestic violence, and the high percentages of victimization during childhood are particularly striking. Furthermore, it turned out that domestic violence often involves a combination of physical, mental and sexual forms of violence.     

Contract Damages, Corrective Justice and Punishment

This article re-examines the established principle that contract damages compensate but do not punish from the theoretical perspective of corrective justice and, in particular, the version advocated by Professor Ernest Weinrib. Weinrib argues that corrective justice affirms the traditional view that contract damages should be circumscribed by compensatory functions, and the notion of punitive damages is inconsistent with the structure of corrective justice and hence contractual rights. The correctness of this conclusion depends, however, on what is understood by punishment. This article argues that punishment is not necessarily explicable only as a form of state punishment, but may (adopting the retributive idea of punishment expounded by Jane Hampton) also be understood as a form of correlatively-structured response that redresses the moral injury inflicted by one's conduct on another. If that is the case, punitive damages for breach of contract may be justified even within the framework of corrective justice.     

乐果亚急性暴露对大鼠胆碱酯酶浓度及细胞色素P450亚型表达量的影响

对6周龄雄性Wistar大鼠5次灌胃给予20%LD_(50)的乐果,观察给药后大鼠的毒性反应,每日测定实验鼠采食量、饮水量和体重。最后一次给药后第24 h,采用丁酰硫代胆碱法测定大鼠红细胞、血清和脑组织中的胆碱酯酶浓度,并采用定量RT-PCR法检测大鼠肝中细胞色素P450基因8个亚型的表达量。结果表明,大鼠用药后不同时间内出现了有机磷药物中毒的典型症状,其采食量、饮水量和体重明显下降,红细胞、血清和脑组织中胆碱酯酶浓度均明显低于对照组,肝细胞色素P450的8个亚型中CYP2B1/2的表达量明显高于对照组。     

丁丙诺啡的检验

目的建立检验丁丙诺啡的方法。方法用气质联用仪与高效TLC法进行定性分析。结果丁丙诺啡在展开剂苯∶正己烷∶二乙胺=40∶10∶10时,Rf值为0.55;环己烷∶丙酮=1∶1时,Rf值为0.35;质谱图保留时间为19.617min。结论本方法操作简便、准确,适合办案。