尿中氯胺酮及其代谢物检测的研究

目的建立氯胺酮滥用者尿中氯胺酮及其代谢物检测方法。方法尿液用有机溶剂液-液萃取,气相色谱/氮磷检测器、电子捕获检测器、氢火焰检测器和气-质联用仪测定。结果确认了尿液中氯胺酮的主要代谢物,尿液中氯胺酮及去甲氯胺酮的最小检测限均为2ng/mL,脱氢去甲氯胺酮的最小检测限为5ng/mL。结论所建方法快速、灵敏、准确,能够满足氯胺酮滥用者尿液检测的需要。     

分子印迹固相萃取法在血中苯丙胺类毒品分析中的应用

目的建立分子印迹固相萃取（MISPE）、GC/MS分析方法,用于血液中苯丙胺类毒品检测。方法 10mmol/L醋酸铵缓冲液（pH8.0）4倍稀释空白添加血液,1mL甲醇,1mL10mmol/L醋酸铵缓冲液（pH8.0）活化苯丙胺类分子印迹固相萃取柱;2×1mL去离子水、1mL60%的乙腈去离子水、1mL1%醋酸乙腈洗涤杂质;2×1mL1%甲酸/甲醇洗脱,洗脱液挥干定容,经GC/NPD、GC/MS分析检测。结果各种苯丙胺类毒品回收率均在90%以上,在20～5 000ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,r2为0.995 7～0.998 9,LOQ在16～30ng/mL之间,LOD在8～15ng/mL之间。结论本方法回收率高,净化效果显著,稳定性好,杂质干扰少,可用于血液中低浓度苯丙胺类毒品的分析检测。     

杨梅素混合胶束的研制及其体外表征研究

目的 研制载有杨梅素（myricetin,Myr）的聚乙二醇-聚乳酸（polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid, mPEG-PLA）/Pluronic F68混合胶束（mixed micelles,MMs),并对Myr-MMs进行表征及体外释放研究。方法 通过丙酮溶剂挥发法研制Myr-MMs,以单因素及L9(34)正交实验优化处方及其工艺;并对制得的载药MMs的粒径、Zeta电位、外观形态、包封率、载药量和体外释放进行研究。结果 最优处方制得的Myr-MMs的包封率为（84.65±0.98）%、载药量为（2.73±0.03）%;透射电镜下观察Myr-MMs呈球形或类球形、表面光滑、无粘连;粒径为（41.74±0.27）nm,多分散系数为0.115±0.004;Zeta电位为（－25.47±1.22）mV;体外释放研究发现,MMs体外释药过程近似符合Weibull释药模型：ln(ln(1/(1－Q/100)))=0.927 1lnt－2.057 6（r=0.953 8）。结论 利用丙酮溶剂挥发法成功研制了Myr-MMs,其成型好、粒径小、分布均匀,包封率和载药量均较高;且Myr经mPEG-PLA/Pluronic F68 包裹后其体外释放显示出一定的缓释效果。     

木丹颗粒对高糖环境下人血管内皮细胞Nrf2/ARE信号通路的影响

目的 探讨木丹颗粒对高糖环境下人血管内皮细胞核转录因子E2相关因子2（neclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,Nrf2）/抗氧化反应元件（antioxidant response element,ARE）信号通路及血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）的影响。方法 将健康雄性Wistar大鼠30只随机分为正常组、模型组、木丹颗粒组,每组10只,制备含药血清;将正常组含药血清加入正常糖浓度培养内皮细胞,模型组及木丹颗粒组分别加入高糖培养内皮细胞;采用RT-PCR、Western blot分别检测Nrf2、血红素氧合酶-1(heme oxygenase-1, HO-1)的mRNA及蛋白表达水平;采用ELISA法检测各组细胞上清液中VEGF含量。结果 与正常组比较,模型组Nrf2、HO-1的mRNA及蛋白表达均显著上调（P<0.05）,VEGF的含量显著增加（P<0.05）;与模型组比较,给药组Nrf2、HO-1的mRNA及蛋白表达水平均显著上调（P<0.05）,VEGF的含量显著减少（P<0.05）。结论 〖JP2〗木丹颗粒对高糖环境下人血管内皮细胞的保护作用机制可能与上调Nrf2/ARE信号通路的表达、降低VEGF含量有关。     

超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间串联质谱快速分析复方守宫散化学成分及血中移行成分

目的 采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱(ultra-performance liquid chromatogra-phy/quadrupole time-of-flight-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)对复方守宫散中化学成分及其血中移行成分进行定性分析,为该制剂的...     

基于EPO介导的JAK2/STAT5信号通路研究百会、大椎刺络促缺血性脑卒中后血管新生的调控机制

目的 基于促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin, EPO)介导的JAK2/STAT5信号通路探讨百会、大椎刺络促缺血性脑卒中后血管新生的调控机制。方法 选取健康SD雄性大鼠150只,随机分为正常对照组、假手术组、模型对照组、刺络治疗组、刺络+EPO拮抗组,每组30只;正常对照组不进行手术,假手术组仅分离血管而不插线栓,模型对照组、刺络治疗组、刺络+EPO拮抗组采用改良的Zea-Longa法制备大脑中动脉局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型(middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion model, MCAO/R)大鼠。模型制备后刺络治疗组、刺络+EPO拮抗组采用“百会”“大椎”穴刺络进行干预,刺络+EPO拮抗组在针刺前将脂质体-siEPO2复合物按5 mg/kg剂量对大鼠进行腹腔注射,使之进入合成EPO的靶细胞,在细胞内引起针对EPO的RNA干扰效应。采用苏木精-伊红染色观察各组大鼠脑皮质病理形态,RT-PCR法检测各组大鼠脑皮质中EPO、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF) mRNA...     

自制海洛因标准品在常用有机溶剂中稳定性研究

目的 研发海洛因标准品及优化分析方法,以对云南缴获海洛因样本提纯制备成的自制海洛因对照品在常用有机溶剂中的稳定性进一步研究.方法 采用内标及GC、GC/MS方法,通过对提纯制备的海洛因在5种有机溶剂中冷藏保存后含量的变化,观察海洛因在常用有机溶剂中的稳定性.结果 乙醇、三氯甲烷及乙腈为溶剂的自制海洛因对照品储备液,保存30天时间范围内海洛因含量未发生明显变化;以丙酮作为溶剂的自制海洛因对照品储备液,在7至30天时间范围内,海洛因含量明显升高;以甲醇作为溶剂的自制海洛因对照品储备液,在0小时至30天时间范围内,海洛因含量一直呈明显的下降趋势.结论 乙醇、三氯甲烷及乙腈可以作为海洛因样品储备液溶剂使用,丙酮、甲醇不适合作为海洛因样品储备液溶剂使用.     

Carbon‐Based Fingerprint Powder as a One‐Step Development and Matrix Application for High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Latent Fingerprints

Carbon‐based materials are often used as matrices for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) and its imaging (MALDI‐MSI). However, researchers have refrained from using carbon‐based fingerprint powder (CFP) as a matrix due to high background and contamination. In this work, the compatibility of CFP is reevaluated with MALDI‐MSI using a high‐resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) and compared to traditional organic matrices. Relevant fingerprint compounds were easily distinguished from carbon cluster peaks when using HRMS. For fair comparison, half of a fingerprint was dusted with CFP while the other half was dusted with traditional organic matrices. All compounds studied had comparable, or higher, signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratios when CFP was used as the matrix. Additionally, chemical image qualities closely followed the trend of S/N ratios. CFP proved to be an effective one‐step development and matrix application technique for MALDI‐MSI of latent fingerprints, when carbon cluster peaks are well separated by a HRMS.     

Alprazolam and Zolpidem in Skeletal Tissue of Decomposed Body Confirms Exposure

In several medico‐legal cases, bone samples analysis may provide the only source of toxicological information. This case study reports the analysis of a human bone specimen, belonging to a 46‐year‐old man, found 3 months after his death due to cervical–thoracic injuries in a motorcycle accident. Bone specimen was the only available material for toxicological analysis, among few skull hair and rotten skin. Analysis was performed by a newly developed and validated ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS/MS) method, following simple and efficient sample pretreatment. The results were in accordance with the man's medical record: Alprazolam and zolpidem were found at 2.2 and 5.4 ng/g of bone, respectively. Both these drugs were prescribed to the deceased.     

Secondary transfer of organic gunshot residues: Empirical data to assist the evaluation of three scenarios

The present study aimed at providing data to assess the secondary transfer of organic gunshot residues (OGSR). Three scenarios were evaluated in controlled conditions, namely displacing a firearm from point A to point B, a simple handshake and an arrest involving handcuffing on the ground. Specimens were collected from the firearm, the hands of the shooter and the non-shooter undergoing the secondary transfer in order to compare the amounts detected.Secondary transfer was observed for the three scenarios, but to a different extent. It was found that displacing a firearm resulted in secondary transfer in <50% of the experiments. The firearm also had an influence, as contrary to the pistol, no secondary OGSR were detected using the revolver. Shaking the hand of the shooter also transferred OGSR to the non-shooter's hand. In that case, the amount of OGSR was generally higher on the shooter than on the non-shooter. Finally, the largest secondary transfer was observed after the arrest with handcuffing with positive results in all cases using the pistol. In that scenario, the amounts on the shooter and the non-shooter were in the same range.This study highlights that the secondary transfer must be taken into account in the interpretation of OGSR. Indeed, an individual's hands might be contaminated by handling a firearm or having physical contact with a shooter.