艾滋病防治的世界性法律行动与中国的法律实践

面对艾滋病对社会经济的巨大影响,国际社会和各个国家纷纷通过立法来找寻艾滋病防治的有效路径。近年来的相关研究业已表明,人权保护乃是艾滋病防治工作和艾滋病立法的重要内容。20多年来世界性艾滋病立法行动对人权保护给予了足够的重视。同时,在国际社会的指引下,中国的艾滋病防治立法中也有了更多人权保护的规定。     

社区戒毒和社区康复中防艾研究——以广州市为例

吸毒与艾滋病传播具有非常密切的联系,在社区戒毒和社区康复中推行艾滋病防治工作具有重要意义。2008年我国禁毒法的颁布施行,确立了社区戒毒和社区康复这一崭新的戒毒模式。要完善防艾机制,可以从广泛推进反歧视运动、加强对吸毒和艾滋病人群的关怀与支持等方面入手。广州市在近年来逐渐形成了一套较为成熟的社区戒毒工作中的防艾机制。     

ISPs as ESPs:1 Different keyboard strokes for different Christian folks. A response to Britz and de Villiers on the Internet and Christian ethics

ABSTRACT

In an earlier Communicatio (2002) article de Villiers (2002, 16–21) discussed the idea of moral responsibility and the Internet. A year later Britz and de Villiers (2003, 333–358) expanded on this article in another journal, Verbum et Ecclesia (2003). The present article is a response to their ideas on Christian ethics and the Internet. A few reasons are presented why ethical deliberation on the Internet is important. The main points made by Britz and de Villiers are summarised. Interspersed throughout are alternative views on a broad framework on the matter of (Christian) ethics and the Internet.     

Confronting the Reality

SUMMARY

The most recent UNAIDS report (December 2003) estimates that approximately 5 million persons became infected with the HIV virus globally in 2003 alone, while 3 million persons died as a result of HIV/AIDS. What do these staggering numbers mean for the Caribbean population? Is the impact of HIV/AIDS the same among Caribbean immigrants in the United States as among the Caribbean population in the countries of origin? If so, what are the factors that promote the spread of HIV/AIDS among this population regardless of their geographic location? Finally, what can be done to reverse the growing infection rate that has made the Caribbean the second largest population to suffer from HIV/AIDS globally? In this paper the authors explore sociocultural, attitudinal and gender-specific factors that place the Caribbean population at risk of the ongoing spread of HIV/AIDS. The authors make recommendations for a community involvement response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic that targets the individual, family and community to address the problem of HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean population. A community involvement model with its potential to reduce the negative impact of socio-structural factors, and attitudes towards victims of HIV/AIDS is recommended as a meaningful response to HIV/AIDS among the Caribbean population.     

New Hispanic Migration and HIV Risk in New York

Abstract

This paper reports on research designed to assess access to care by Latino immigrant populations in the New York area. A qualitative approach and methods were employed, involving focus groups with PWAs and affected men and women from Mexico, the Dominican Republic and Central America to explore the perceptions, beliefs, experience and knowledge of HIV care issues and the issues affecting health-seeking behavior. Among the data collected to provide context, depth and detail to the issue of access and utilization of services, was the detailed information on migration and HIV risk reported here.

A total of 57 men and women participated, ranging in age from 19-61. Results included information on migration patterns, obstacles for Latino immigrants living in the U.S., social networks, community resources, knowledge of HIV/AIDS, risk behavior and access to information. Data support the conclusion that to be effective in reaching and providing services to these immigrant groups, it is crucial to understand the environment from which they come and the impact of immigration. Poverty; repressive governments; lack of education/literacy; ethnicity, class; color-based stigma; and cultural norms are crucial factors in determining their attitudes, motivations, decisions and behavior. The key elements for the provision of services to this population appear to be those which build on cultural norms and which network human and institutional resources.     

An International Perspective on the African Famines

This article examines the practice of male circumcision among the migrant Yao people in Zimbabwe with the goal of showing circumcision's importance as a platform for social mobilisation against HIV and AIDS. The work looks at how the practice has health benefits and creates a new form of identity to fight AIDS. It therefore examines the role of the rite in the creation of a collective Yao identity that facilitates mobilisation against the pandemic within the community. This mobilisation is a complex and contentious process, which involves various levels of negotiation, reconstruction and reconfiguration of Yao identity and the circumcision practice (the surgical act and teachings about it), both within and outside the group. The article argues that the practice can be viewed as a form of an African social movement that is largely driven by a complex but self-conscious collective identity and is also induced by the global donor interest in the circumcision–AIDS debate.     

大学生预防艾滋病同伴教育的实施及评价

艾滋病同伴教育者是受过严格培训的医学生,在受教育者眼里有一定的权威性,同时由于与被教育者之间年龄差距小,共同语言多,增加了亲切感和可接受性。参与性的教育方法又使气氛轻松、活跃而不失严肃,从而保证了同伴教育的良好效果。     

论艾滋病预防和控制中的性别歧视——以异性性交往传播的防控为例

艾滋病蔓延已成为中国大陆的一大社会问题。为此,政府采取了一系列的措施,努力进行预防和控制,并取得了显著的成效。但从社会性别视角看,艾滋病的预防和控制中也存在着种种性别歧视,尤其在异性性交往传播的防控方面更为突出。因此,应从性别公正和性别平等出发改善有关艾滋病预防和控制的法律、政策和国家行动,进一步提高艾滋病预防和控制工作的成效。     

论民族地区吸毒与艾滋病预防现状研究之必要性

我国政府一直十分重视开展吸毒与艾滋病预防的工作,拨专款并设立专门机构对全国受毒品和艾滋病危害较重的地区特别是民族地区进行监测和治理。但是鉴于目前所使用的减低危害的有效措施在民族地区实施有诸多困难,并且这些有效措施与我国现行的法律和政策有抵触的地方。因此,对民族地区进行吸毒与艾滋病预防现状研究,应立足于我国民族地区禁毒斗争实际,借鉴其他国家的成功经验,创建中国特色的减低注射吸毒和艾滋病危害有效措施体系。     

对故意传播艾滋病设立犯罪问题研究

关于应否设立故意传播艾滋病罪的问题,学者们争论已久,至今尚无定论。笔者认为:应该设立故意传播艾滋病罪。一是艾滋病的传播造成多方面的经济损失;二是艾滋病是一种更为严重的性病;三是国外已将传播艾滋病列入刑法打击的范畴。对故意传播艾滋病的定义与特征、立法模式、定罪量刑、立法建议、问题争论等需进一步分析研究、以期为刑事立法提供参考。