“常识”与传统中国州县司法——从一个疑难案件(新会田坦案)展开的思考

自晚清变法修律以来,学界多批评传统州县司法的主要弊端是行政兼理司法和与此相关的非专业化司法,现在发现了大量反映传统司法实际运作的司法档案材料,此种观点有了反思的必要和可能。事实上,从传统中国州县司法的实际运作来看,其重点是查清案情和进行判决,起决定作用的是“常识”而非“专业知识”,而且“常识”才是传统地方司法所真正需要的。这种“常识”包括了“律学常识”、官员“伦理常识”和“地方性常识”等部分,从而具有浓厚的主观性、地方性和个人化特征,使得传统地方司法更依赖于官员个体。从司法独立和专业司法的眼光来审视传统是一种时代错位,它忽略了制度与社会需要之间的对应关系,既不利于学术研究,同时也回避了建立现代司法体系的真正阻力所在。     

ASSESSING NEIGHBORHOOD AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL INFLUENCES ON CHILDHOOD VIOLENCE IN AN AFRICAN‐AMERICAN SAMPLE*

The present study examines the extent to which neighborhood and social psychological influences predict childhood violence among 867 African‐American youth. The results showed that neighborhood affluence was the only neighborhood‐level variable to exert a significant influence on childhood violence. Furthermore, childhood violence was significantly related to social psychological influences, such as adopting a street code, associating with violent peers, parental use of violence, and quality parenting. Overall, the findings suggested that simply living in a violent neighborhood does not produce violent children, but that family, peer, and individual characteristics play a large role in predicting violence in childhood.     

浅谈知识经济时代我国教育事业的发展方向

在农业经济时代,教育的职能是教与学;工业经济时代,教育的科研应用和为社会服务的职能逐步加强,高校中出现了教学和科研两个中心。进入知识经济时代,知识获得新的载体,使教育成为知识传播、生产和应用的知识产业。     

Gender Differences in Self-Perceptions and Academic Outcomes: A Study of African American High School Students

There is increasing divergence in the academic outcomes of African American males and females. By most accounts, males are falling behind their female peers educationally as African American females are graduating from high schools at higher rates and are going on to college and graduate school in greater numbers. Some have suggested that school completion and performance is associated with how students feel about themselves. The purpose of this study was to explore gender differences in the relationship between self-perceptions and 2 academic outcomes among a sample of 243 African American high school sophomores. The results suggest that, overall, females are more favorably oriented toward high school completion. Both male and female students with more positive self-perceptions have stronger intentions to complete the current year of high school. Higher grade point averages were more strongly associated with greater self-efficacy for females than for males. Given these findings, increased attention to educational programming, societal messages, and future research is warranted.     

两大法系司法鉴定制度之比较与评析

以当今英美法系和大陆法系具有代表性几个国家的司法鉴定制度为样本,从比较宏观的角度分析了两大法系司法鉴定制度的异同。通过比较与分析,归纳出了两者之间的异同点及各自的优劣势,得出的结论是:现代司法鉴定制度的发展趋势是混合型鉴定模式,同时亦指出了其对我国司法鉴定制度改革的启示。     

理论创新的三个向度

能否实现理论创新 ,与理论所具备的知识向度、价值向度和思维向度相关 ,取决于理论三个向度求真、求善和求新的统一。知识向度是理论创新的前提和基础 ,规定着理论创新是否可能 ;价值向度是理论创新的动力因素 ,也规定着理论创新的方向 ;思维向度则决定了理论创新的方式和实现途径 ,是理论创新的保证     

马克思的哲学意识、科学意识及历史意识

本文结合学术界关于马克思哲学本质的讨论 ,致力于探讨在哲学意识与科学意识的关系问题上 ,马克思所具有的与西方现代哲学家不同的出场路径。马克思尽管没有像胡塞尔和海德格尔那样转向现象学和存在论 ,但他依然很好地发挥了哲学的意识 ,并且恰恰就是在现代西方哲学家所要克服的认识论的维度上来发挥这种哲学意识的 ,这就是马克思科学认识论的丰富内涵之所在。     

企业持久竞争优势探源：多重理论视角分析及其内在一致性

探求企业竞争优势的源泉是经济学和管理学的重要论题。围绕这个问题,迄今为止已经出现了企业资源理论、能力理论、知识理论和创新理论等诸多理论阐释。本文试图在评述这些理论的基础上,探求这些不同的理论对持久竞争优势源泉问题的解释的内在一致性,从而从理论上回答企业持久竞争优势的最根本的源泉是什么。     

The use and non-use of policy appraisal tools in public policy making: an analysis of three European countries and the European Union

The increasing complexity of policy problems, coupled with the political desire to base new policies on the foundation of firm evidence, has accelerated the development of policy assessment tools. These range from complex computer models and cost benefit analysis through simple checklists and decision trees. In the last decade, many governments have established formal policy assessment systems to harness these tools in order to facilitate more evidence-based policy making. These tools are potentially widely available, but to what extent are they used by policy makers and what becomes of the evidence that they generate? This paper addresses these questions by studying the empirical patterns of tool use across 37 cases in three European countries and the European Commission. It uses a simple classification of tools into advanced, formal and simple types. It finds that even when tools are embedded in policy assessment systems, their use is differentiated and on the whole very limited, in particular when it comes to more advanced tools. It then explores these patterns from contrasting theoretical perspectives to shed light on why, when and how different policy assessment tools are used in the policy process.     

对知识经济内涵的剖析

认识知识经济,应当深入了解知识的概念和知识经济的内涵。知识经济改变了传统的资源配置方式和生产要素的投入比例,改变了产业结构,是世界一体化经济。