试论邓小平对我国政治体制改革的历史贡献

邓小平作为我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的总设计师,他对政治体制改革的历史贡献可与经济体制改革相提并论。他从十一届三中全会召开前夕起,即已开始谈论和率先提出政治体制改革的问题,后经深思熟虑,系统形成改革的总体思路,并把政治体制改革推上党和国家的紧要日程。     

Economic and Sociological Approaches To Institutions: Economy, Society And Law

Examined in this paper are some important paradigmatic differences between novel economic institutionalism as espoused by the new institutional economics and sociological institutionalism as advanced by economic sociology. Just as the old and the new institutional economics, economic institutionalism and sociological institutionalism display important differences in their assumptions, domains and methodologies. The paper also takes a look at the possibility for multidisciplinary integration, in a multiple-paradigm approach, of economic and sociological institutionalism, particularly law and economics (economic analysis of law) and law and society (sociology of law) literatures, in these times of interdisciplinary social analysis. Since in the current literature comparative analyses of economic and sociological institutionalism in general, and economic and sociological approaches to legal institutions in particular, are relatively rare, the paper attempts to fill in a gap in this respect.     

西南地区汉族男性CT颅面径线与身高的关系

目的通过CT测量西南地区汉族男性颅面径线,建立该地区汉族男性颅面径线与身高的回归模型,为法医人类学研究积累数据。方法收集273例西南地区汉族男性头部CT资料,确定颅面部7条径线,运用图像后处理软件进行多平面重建和容积再现,对所选径线进行测量。对各测量指标与身高的相关性运用SPSS 21.0进行分析,建立推断身高的回归方程,并重新选取50例样本代入该数学模型进行检验。结果建立了7条径线的线性回归方程(P0.05);一元线性回归方程相关系数为0.190~0.439,标准估计误差(SEE)为4.597~5.023 cm;多元线性回归方程复相关系数为0.494~0.524,SEE为4.418~4.458 cm。回代检验得y=83.959+3.589 x_6+2.573 x_2,±1SEE准确率最高,为30%;y=72.646+3.316 x6+1.586 x_2+1.553 x_4+2.211 x_3,±2SEE准确率最高,为92%。结论本研究所选取的7条径线与身高均有明显的直线相关性,所建立的多元回归方程适用于推断西南地区汉族男性身高。     

基于HPLC-TOF-MS代谢组学方法的溴鼠灵毒性作用评价

目的分析溴鼠灵中毒大鼠尿液的代谢特征,揭示溴鼠灵干预对大鼠毒性作用的分子机制。方法通过构建大鼠溴鼠灵中毒模型,采用高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱(high performance liquid chromatographytime of flight mass spectrometry,HPLC-TOF-MS)获取大鼠尿液代谢轮廓,并用正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares-discrimination analysis,OPLS-DA)进行多变量统计分析,找出与溴鼠灵毒性作用密切相关的差异代谢物。结果 OPLS-DA得分图显示给药前后不同时间的大鼠尿液样本代谢物轨迹在各时间段内相似度较好,呈现各自聚类现象。比较溴鼠灵给药前后大鼠尿液样本,筛选出22个与溴鼠灵毒性相关的差异代谢物。结论溴鼠灵主要通过干扰大鼠体内的三羧酸循环、糖酵解、鞘脂代谢和色氨酸代谢等代谢通路发挥毒性作用,且溴鼠灵毒性作用具有累积效应。基于尿液HPLC-TOF-MS代谢组学方法可为溴鼠灵毒性作用的分子机制研究提供新思路。     

DNA甲基化检测方法及其法医学应用研究进展

DNA甲基化是表观遗传标记的重要组成部分,参与基因表达的调控,在生物发育、衰老以及肿瘤学等领域受到广泛关注。由于具有相对稳定性、可遗传、含量丰富、随龄变化等特点,在法医学领域,DNA甲基化可以作为DNA序列相关经典遗传标记的有效补充,用于年龄推断、组织体液来源检测、同卵双生子的鉴定等。DNA甲基化的检测方法主要有基于甲基化敏感限制性内切酶、重亚硫酸盐转化以及甲基化CpG结合蛋白等原理而建立的一系列方法,近年研究表明,第三代测序技术也可用于DNA甲基化检测。本文就DNA甲基化检测方法及在法医学领域的应用研究进行回顾与综述,以期为法医学实践提供参考。     

缺氧相关microRNA在窒息死亡原因推断中的意义

在缺氧条件下microRNA(miRNA)能与转录因子等相互作用,调节细胞代谢,血管再生,血细胞生成,细胞增殖、分化及凋亡等生理过程,这些过程可能在窒息导致的死亡中发挥重要作用。本文拟对缺氧条件下miRNA的调节功能及缺氧对miRNA生物合成的影响进行综述,以期为miRNA在法医学窒息死亡原因推断中的研究提供新思路。     

金属硫蛋白1A和2A的mRNA时序性表达(英文)

目的研究大鼠肌肉挫伤后金属硫蛋白(metallothionein,MT)1A m RNA、MT2A m RNA的时序性表达。方法 54只SD大鼠被分成挫伤组(挫伤后0.5、1、6、12、18、24、30和36 h组各6只)和对照组(6只)。所有总RNA均取自大鼠的骨骼肌。利用SYBR GreenⅠ法进行RT-q PCR检测大鼠挫伤骨骼肌中MT1A m RNA、MT2A m RNA的相对表达量。结果 MT1A m RNA、MT2A m RNA在损伤后的变化趋势与损伤时间具有一定的相关性。除了挫伤后0.5 h组外,其余各组MT1A m RNA、MT2A m RNA的表达量与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。损伤后1 h、6 h、12 h、18 h MT1A m RNA和MT2A m RNA的相对表达量呈现逐渐上升的趋势,在18 h时达到了峰值,分别为对照组的(239.41±15.20)倍和(717.42±50.76)倍;损伤后24 h时两者的表达量均明显减少;损伤后30 h再次上升,随后下降。结论 MT1A m RNA、MT2A m RNA可能对损伤时间推断有一定的意义。     

单核细胞趋化蛋白1及其受体在冠心病猝死中的表达

目的：探讨单核细胞趋化蛋白1（monocyte chemotactic protein-1,MCP-1）及其受体CC类趋化蛋白受体2（CC chemokine receptor-2,CCR-2）在冠心病猝死（sudden coronary death,SCD）和非SCD冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块中的差异表达。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测MCP-1和CCR-2在SCD组、动脉粥样硬化组（冠状动脉粥样硬化但非SCD）、对照组（冠状动脉正常）的差异表达。结果 MCP-1在三组间的阳性细胞表达率分别是78%、47%、0%,两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;CCR-2在三组间的阳性细胞表达率分别是72%、47%、0%,在SCD组和动脉粥样硬化组、SCD组与对照组表达差异均有统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而在对照组和动脉粥样硬化组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块中的MCP-1及其受体CCR-2的表达增加与SCD密切相关。     

Interpretation and mutability: socio-legal texts of the Quran; three accounts from contemporary Iran

Since the advent of the Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979, radical changes have taken place in the views of many Iranian scholars regarding the nature of religious belief. In particular, the issue of the compatibility or incompatibility of Islam's socio-legal precepts and the challenges of time and space have become a crucial matter for numerous Iranian intellectuals. This paper discusses how three prominent Iranian intellectuals of the post-revolutionary era, namely Mostafa Malekian, Mohsen Kadivar and Hasan Yousefi-Eshkevari, have put forward arguments in favor of the contingent nature of the Quran's socio-legal passages. The paper argues that these scholars challenge the notion of the immutability of the Quran's socio-legal texts, claiming that they could be applied differently depending on the specific time and place. In this sense, the paper establishes the groundwork for showing how these scholars have re-examined traditional understandings of religion in light of the new challenges that are arising in the modern world.     

Medical Legal Dispute in Hospitals of Different Grades:A Retrospective Study on206Cases

Objective To analyze the characteristics of medical malpractice from different grades of hos- pitals and to explore forensic investigation strategies in assessing medical dispute. Methods A total of 206 cases of medical dispute from 2009 to 2010 investigated by the Department of Forensic Medicine in Nanjing Medical University were selected and analyzed according to fault incidence, fault-prone part, and degree of causality in the treatment. Results Among the 206 cases analyzed, tertiary hospitals, sec- ondary hospitals and primary hospitals showed medium, high and low error rate, respectively. A majority of medical malpractice cases were distributed in the departments of surgery, medicine and gynecology. Conclusion The frequency and severity of medical malpractice in primary hospitals were high, which were gradually reduced in tertiary and secondary hospitals.