A stem-family society without the stem-family ideology? The case of eighteenth-century Poland1

This paper mobilizes historical census microdata and quantitative methods to answer a seemingly qualitative question of whether the stem-family organization, profoundly described in sociological and anthropological literature, existed in historical western Poland. The paper’s narrative takes a threefold argumentation format, each step relying on different methodologies. First, using household registers data and basic tools of historical demography we come to the point where a conjectural hypothesis of stem-family prevalence in the territories in question seems to be necessarily rejected. However, the vivid prevalence of the stem family is brought back to the fore in the second step, when empirical data are combined with more sophisticated statistical tools (computer microsimulation of kin sets). Finally, the latter observation is problematized in light of the historical contextual information, which altogether makes the incidence of stem-family organization in the region unthinkable given the existing socio-cultural and political-economic framework. We close with a contemplation of the limits of quantitative approaches to concerns over historical family systems, and with a discussion of the extent to which – given this apparent conundrum – our findings may illuminate existing models of historical family systems.     

涉外婚姻家庭关系法律适用法的人本化

《涉外民事关系法律适用法》婚姻家庭一章的规定体现着人本主义的趋向。文章从对比我国涉外婚姻家庭关系法律适用立法变化的角度,分析了我国在涉外婚姻家庭关系法律适用立法上的人本化趋向。     

Imposing Identity against Social Catastrophes. The Strategies of (Re)Generation of Meaning of the Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo (Argentina)

This article explores the processes of definition, construction and social management of collective identity in situations of social catastrophe such as that defined in the Southern Cone of Latin America following the grave human rights violations that occurred in the 1970s, especially those deriving from the forced disappearance of persons. This form of repression creates deep wounds in the social fabric affected and, besides this, produces what could be called a ‘catastrophe’, that is, a permanent confusion of the mechanisms of social construction of meaning and subjectivity within which one lives. In this case, the catastrophe affects several collective goods and, principally, the social bases of modern identity construction. In order to manage these catastrophes, the subjects that inhabit the social spaces formed around them – in this case those who live in the field of the detained–disappeared – develop very different strategies, with the most widespread in the Argentinean case being what I will call the ‘narrative of meaning’. This is a hard and conservative strategy that confronts the catastrophe of identity by employing identity constructions supported on old narratives of the family and biological heritage. This article is dedicated to an analysis of this socially successfully strategy and studies the form it adopts in the work of constructing identity of the Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo.     

Permanence of the Family Farm Questioned: Rural Mobility in the Nineteenth-Century Estonia and Sweden

The family farm has symbolic significance in many parts of the world. In this paper we argue that the “rooted” identity of the farmer emerged as a reaction to rapid modernization in society and that, in actual fact, the nineteenth century rural communities were both geographically and socially mobile. We examine how kinship ties were expressed in spatial terms with the help of two examples from Harjumaa in north Estonia and Västergötland in south Sweden. These micro-histories are taken both to illuminate and subvert some of the key ideas about identity, belonging, and mobility of the nineteenth-century farmer.     

家产制与中国家庭法律的社会适应——一种“实践的法律社会学”分析

家产制作为一种习惯法,与中国的家庭法律及其社会适应性存在着密切关联。对家产制和家庭法律的研究应该采取"实践的法律社会学"态度,通过经验研究来充分展示转型社会对家庭本身的内在需求,从而在法律制度上对这种社会需求给于正确的回应。考察分家模式的历史变迁,可以发现家产制是处理中国家庭财产分配的根本制度选择。在产权结构上,家产制具有客体上的公有性、主体上的多元性以及主体作用于客体的身份性等三大特征,从而区别于西方所有权制度。这种特殊的家产制度是中国转型社会的内在需求,因为中国农村的城市化是一个长期的过程,而在这个过程中家产制有利于维护家庭的稳定从而有助于城市化的顺利进行;另外一方面,家产制有利于补充国家养老能力的不足从而确保城市家庭的稳定和再生产,提升国家的整体竞争力。然而家庭法律却日益朝着"去家产制"和"私权化"的方向发展,从而丧失社会适应性,不利于家庭和社会的稳定。因此,中国的家庭立法应该回归新的家产制,并以其为中心确立起"发展型家庭法律"体系。     

妇女和婚姻从此就失去保护了吗？——评婚姻法解释三第七、第十一条

媒体和学界对《婚姻法解释三》第七条、第十一条等条文的诟病甚多，认为它们弱化了对妇女的保护，违反甚至冲击、摧毁我国传统婚姻家庭文化、婚姻家庭伦理和婚姻家庭价值取向；另外还认为婚姻家庭领域与物权、合同领域殊有不同，这两条司法解释是将后者的原理粗暴地适用于前者，甚为谬误。笔者认为，这些抨击是对婚姻法解释三的误读。本文试图从对这些抨击作出辩驳的角度论证婚姻法解释三第七条、第十一条的正当性。     

From Multiculturalism to Cultural Voluntarism: A Family‐based Approach

In the context of the current debate on multiculturalism, this article draws on three models of state policies towards families to propose a reframing of multiculturalist policies. They are the ‘authorisation’ model, wherein the state authorises families to define and enforce family obligations as law; the ‘delegation’ model, wherein the state prescribes the norms families are to follow and delegates to families the role of enforcing them; and the ‘purposive abstention’ model, wherein the state uses the voluntary performance family norms as a tool of policy, giving them limited legal recognition within the continued application of the general law. The article considers how these models might guide policy towards communities, which can be seen, substantially, as collections of families. It favours the ‘purposive abstention’ model, which, in the context of cultural groups, could be termed ‘cultural voluntarism’.     

家庭治疗的发展:回顾与展望

家庭治疗起源于现实的需要及对一种新的理念和方法的尝试,代表了心理治疗领域一个新的发展方向。经历了发展的黄金期,受到后现代建构主义、女性主义、多元文化主义的质疑与挑战,家庭治疗进入了一个新的发展时期。整合是当代家庭治疗发展的主要趋势,在整合的同时更加强调治疗过程的系统化与综合性,并致力于对特定情境下特定家庭问题的研究,以响应不断发展变化的家庭事实。     

汉代妇女婚姻家庭法律地位探析

以法律的视角解读文学,透过文学作品探寻法律制度并得出结论是法学研究独辟蹊径的方法。本文通过对《孔雀东南飞》的法律解读,发现封建社会早期的汉代妇女在婚姻家庭关系中的法律地位不同于我们熟知的中国古代妇女法律地位,颇具自身特点,表现在:家庭关系中享有部分平等权利;婚姻关系中有较大的自主权;社会对妇女再婚保有较多的宽容。