Animal abuse proclivity: behavioral,personality and regulatory factors associated with varying levels of severity

ABSTRACT

To date, research into adult-perpetrated animal abuse has consisted of studies using forensic and psychiatric samples. Given that animal abuse goes largely unreported, it is unclear whether the findings from the current literature are generalizable to unapprehended, undetected abusers in the community. However, the emergence of proclivity methodologies fills this gap by examining the relationships between animal abuse propensity and factors such as empathy, attitudes towards animals and antisocial behavior. The current study aimed to extend this literature by examining further individual-level variables (i.e. personality traits) and behavioral factors as correlates of animal abuse proclivity and as a function of varying levels of animal abuse severity (e.g. neglect versus severe violence). One hundred and fifty participants took part in this correlational study. We found low extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, anger regulation, and illegal behavior to be significant factors related to animal abuse proclivity. We also found low extraversion, anger regulation, and illegal behavior to be significant factors across varying levels of animal abuse severity, but low neuroticism to be a unique factor related to less severe forms of animal abuse proclivity. These findings are further discussed in light of their theoretical and treatment implications.     

A social-cognitive model of animal cruelty

ABSTRACT

Recent decades have seen the emergence of social cognitive models of interpersonal aggression. These models, which have focused primarily on childhood aggression, have been the subject of extensive theoretical, methodological, and empirical attention. More recently, researchers have used social cognitive models to address adult interpersonal aggression as well as child abuse and neglect. This article will discuss the ways in which researchers can potentially extend this model to understand the abuse and neglect of animals. After a brief review of the literature on social-information processing, schemas, and normative beliefs about aggression, I will apply these mechanisms and findings to what we know about animal cruelty. I will also use current social cognitive models of aggression to describe potential directions for future research within the field of animal abuse and neglect scholarship.     

国学与"新国学"精神

“新国学”是在国学的基础上提出的一种以自己独特的文化立场和学术价值判断为基点进行开拓的新概念,是观念的变化,不仅需要观念、心理的认同,还需要学术、文化、主体、实践、审美等方面的认同。在众多的研究者论说中,它实际上就是新“精神”的倡导与实践,主要表现为学术精神、实践精神、主体精神与文化精神。     

阿拉伯亚里士多德学派人学思想的基本维度

阿拉伯亚里士多德学派是公元9～12世纪阿拉伯伊斯兰国家一些具有自由思想的哲学家兼自然科学家,汲取以亚里士多德为代表的古希腊哲学和自然科学,用哲学解释自然界,以理性阐述伊斯兰教义所形成的使哲学独立于宗教神学的新学派。阿拉伯亚里士多德学派具有丰富的人学思想,其内容包括了对人的起源、地位问题的探讨所构成的人学本体论;对人的属性和本质问题的探讨所构成的人学本质论;以及对人生价值、人生理想等问题的探讨所构成的人学价值论。以这3个基本维度为主线所建构的人学思想彰显出阿拉伯哲学所具有的深厚文化底蕴。     

肠复康方对急性放射性肠炎大鼠小肠黏膜细胞凋亡基因的影响

目的 探讨肠复康方对急性放射性肠炎大鼠一般情况及小肠黏膜相关细胞凋亡基因的影响。方法 以X线直线加速器给予实验大鼠全腹照射,建立急性放射性肠炎大鼠模型。将实验大鼠随机分成正常对照组,模型对照组,肠复康方低、中、高剂量组。模型复制成功后,肠复康各剂量组给予10 mL/kg灌胃,低、中、高剂量组剂量换算后分别含生药15.75、31.50、63.00 g/kg,模型对照组、正常对照组同时予等量生理盐水,连续30 d灌胃。期间观察大鼠精神状态、摄食进水、排便情况及体质量变化,处死后取相应部位的小肠用免疫组化及Western blot方法检测黏膜上皮细胞中凋亡基因Caspase-3、Bax、Bcl-2的表达。结果 肠复康方干预大鼠的精神状态、饮食进水、排便情况较模型对照组改善;与模型对照组比较,肠复康方干预大鼠体质量显著增加,以中剂量组效优 (P<0.05）。肠复康方低、中、高剂量组小肠黏膜的凋亡基因Caspase-3、Bax和Bax/Bcl-2表达较模型对照组显著下调、Bcl-2显著上调 (P<0.05), 中剂量效优。结论 肠复康方具有改善急性放射性肠炎大鼠一般情况及抑制其细胞凋亡作用,以中剂量效优,其机制可能与下调小肠黏膜上皮凋亡基因Caspase-3、Bax表达及上调Bcl-2的表达,抑制细胞凋亡有关。     

mtDNA 12S rRNA基因序列测定在腐烂动物肌肉样本鉴定中的应用

目的利用mtDNA12SrRNA基因序列测定法对宁波森林公安局查获的一例腐烂动物肌肉样本进行种属鉴定,并探讨该方法在腐烂动物肌肉样本鉴定中的应用价值。方法用酚/氯仿法从腐烂动物肌肉样本中提取出基因组总DNA,再用一通用引物通过PCR技术扩增mtDNA上12SrRNA基因的部分片段并进行序列测定。测序结果在GenBank上进行BLAST搜索,再利用DNAMAN软件进行同源性分析。结果扩增产物序列与东北虎的线粒体DNA的12SrRNA基因序列的部分片段的同源性高达99.9%。结论该动物样本为东北虎,本研究所用方法在野生动物案件的样本鉴定中有极高的应用价值。     

The state and the stray dogs in late Ottoman Istanbul: from unruly subjects to servile friends

The present article situates the systemic efforts to annihilate stray dogs within the wider picture of Ottoman modernizing reforms in the nineteenth century. The period under investigation witnessed an increasing desire on the part of the modern Ottoman state to control and reform disenfranchised human and animal groups, which were believed to jeopardize public order, security and hygiene. These groups – beggars, orphans and the unemployed – were identified as actors irreconcilable with the modern image that the reforming bureaucracy and modernizing elites sought to project. In the face of increasing challenges from European powers, they were the epitome of underdevelopment and backwardness. Ottoman elites and official authorities therefore proposed and implemented institutional measures in the form of forced labor, reformatories or deportation to reform the conditions of these groups, segregate them from the greater public and discipline them. In the modern period, along with the proposals that called for the removal of dogs, modernizing intellectuals and professionals proposed alternative plans to render non-human animals beneficial to human needs and the modern state's expectations.     

俄罗斯国家身份的探寻之旅——詹姆斯·比灵顿的俄国文化研究

詹姆斯·比灵顿是当代西方俄罗斯文化研究的领军人物。通过对他的三部关于俄罗斯文化的经典作品的研究,可以透视他以及受到他影响的西方人眼中的俄罗斯文化。比灵顿坚持跨学科的研究方法,形成了对俄罗斯文化的独特认识:对大自然的特殊感情、东正教信仰及对来自外界新生事物的周期性激情,是塑造俄罗斯文化的三个核心因素;俄罗斯文化的每一种形式都经历着"模仿-创新-摧毁"三个阶段;俄罗斯文化发展与其政治进程具有同构性;白银时代需要高度重视,白银时代的文化成果与苏联时期的文化发展有着紧密的联系。     

改革开放以来中国学者的缅甸研究述评

改革开放以来中国学者对缅甸的研究取得了长足的进展,目前我国从事缅甸研究的机构和人员已初具规模,研究领域的广度、探讨问题的深度以及研究成果的数量和质量,都是新中国成立以来最好的时期。但我国的缅甸研究也存在许多不足,与国外相比,仍有一定的差距。     

回顾创新历程再铸辉煌硕果——吉林大学东北亚研究中心参与图们江区域开发开放学术研究创新纪要

国务院批准了《中国图们江区域合作开发规划纲要——以长吉图为开发开放先导区》,长吉图开发开放先导区作为我国推动图们江区域合作开发的重要载体,已上升为国家战略。吉林大学东北亚研究中心全程参与了该项目的研究和设计,在吉林省委、省政府的正确领导下,为《规划纲要》的获批做出了重要贡献,也为吉林大学服务国家战略、服务地方经济建设提供了一个典型范例。今后,吉林大学东北亚研究中心将继续组织一批跨学科的专家研究长吉图发展战略、东北地区发展战略、东北亚经济区发展战略,以支持长吉图的建设发展,助推吉林振兴和东北振兴。