从监督制度缺失看甲午海战失败的原因

1894年中日甲午海战造成中国北洋水师全军覆没,军事上的失败缘于政治上的腐朽。因为清政府的国家管理制度一片混乱,最高统治者行使权力的行为不受任何监督,对最高统治者以下的权力监督制度形同虚设,人事监督制度十分落后,军队管理监督制度失灵是形成甲午海战中国失败的共同原因。     

吴地民俗的历史转型及其心态特征演变

吴地民俗是中国地域民俗文化中一种具有典型意义的形态。在经历了古代、近代与现代三个重要的历史发展阶段以后,它逐渐完成了由传统农业型向现代工商型的转变过程。这一过程实质上反映了当地民众社会心态上的诸多变化,深刻地表现了他们在价值取向上从重农轻商、重义轻利转变为重商轻农、重利轻义;在文化心理上从封闭保守、安土重迁转变为开放进取、走向世界;在处世态度上从勤俭节约、朴实厚道转变为奢靡享乐、灵活善变等等的心理演变趋势。     

论海权对于我国的重要意义——基于国家安全和政权稳固的视角

所谓海权,分别有海洋权力、海洋权益和海军力量的涵义。海权对于我国具有重要意义。从国家安全方面看,海权对于我国的经济安全和国防安全具有重要意义。从政权稳固方面看,海权对于我国人心向背、人员就业与社会稳定和我国与海上邻国的海上争端的结果具有重要影响,从而对我国的政权稳固具有重要意义。     

中国海洋划界争端的国际法解读与对策研究

经济全球化的发展与沿海国的工业化使全球能源需求急剧扩大,新的蓝色圈地运动使国际海洋划界争端日益增多并复杂化。在亚洲,区域一体化进程、大国关系以及地缘政治都使中国有效地解决海洋划界争端变得更为艰难。海洋划界的国际法基础与司法实践以及东海与南海划界争端的国际法解读,为和平解决争端提供了合法性与历史经验。为了持久地解决海洋争端,中国必须提高其综合国力、坚持和平共处的外交政策、确立海洋开发政策以及加强海洋法的教学与研究。     

Ambiguous activists. Estonia's model of cultural autonomy as interpreted by two of its founders: Werner Hasselblatt and Ewald Ammende

Abstract

Baltic Germans who were active on behalf of especially German minorities throughout Europe during the 1920s have already found some recognition in especially German-language studies. Now they are receiving a wider coverage. Two of these men, Werner Hasselblatt and Ewald Ammende, came from Estonia and played a part in the development of the cultural autonomy legislation enacted in 1925. Traditionally this has been counted a positive contribution to the management of Europe's minorities during the inter-war period. During the 1930s at the latest, however, both Hasselblatt and Ammende drifted towards German National Socialism. Through an investigation of the ideas of these men, this paper attempts to interpret lives which helped to create apparently progressive legislation in the 1920s, but which compromised with a dreadful political movement soon afterwards. What were the motives behind their actions?     

Environment and Energy: The Baltic Sea Gas Pipeline

Germany and Russia have agreed to build the Nord Stream gas pipeline. The 1,200 kilometers-long structure will run from Vyborg, Russia to Greifswald, Germany traversing the Baltic Sea. The Baltic countries, Finland, Poland and Sweden, have expressed concerns about the project. At issue is the environmental impact of the project as well as the energy, political, and socioeconomic implications.     

Family Formation in the Baltic Countries: A Transformation in the Legacy of state socialism

This article examines the transformation of nuptiality patterns in the Baltic countries since the late 1960s, in the context of long-term trends. The aim of the study is to compare the entry into first conjugal union in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, and analyze the position of the Baltic countries in a broader European perspective. The analyses employ microdata from national surveys conducted in the framework of the European Family and Fertility Surveys program. Our main results on the timing and mode of union formation show that in Estonia and Latvia the shift from direct marriage to cohabitation started well before the fall of the state socialist regime, and followed a trajectory close to Scandinavian countries. In Lithuania, on the other hand, the change in the pattern of union formation has been much slower. The article discusses the factors underlying the observed similarities and dissimilarities in union formation.     

The file on operation “Priboi”: A re-assessment of the mass deportations of 1949

Abstract

Using information from documents found in the Russian State Military Archives, this article discusses the organization and execution of the Soviet mass deportations from the Baltic States in March 1949 — code-named Operation “Priboi” by the USSR MVD. These findings are presented for the first time in English, in the context both of established historiographical interpretations and recent literature on the deportations. The aim is to encourage a scholarly reassessment of Operation “Priboi” as a crime against humanity perpetrated by the Soviet occupation regime, but supported by indigenous collaborators to a far greater degree than previously assumed.     

The Russian Dimension of Baltic Maritime Governance

This paper seeks to reconstruct the development of Baltic maritime governance by filling in the gap in the systematic study of Russian maritime policy. In a review of historical, administrative, economic, and political facets of Russian maritime policy, the paper identifies the logic of “greatpowerness” underpinned by the category of “national interest” as its main driver. In this overall logic, cooperation with the EU in maritime affairs is a part of larger Russia’s EU politics. Thus, Baltic maritime governance depends on the ability of the EU and Russia to maintain constructive relations beyond the scope of the maritime domain.