胜任力管理:公共部门人事管理改革的新视角

我国公共行政部门干部人事管理制度经过多次改革和不断深化,但依旧存在不少问题和需要完善的地方。影响行政管理效能的因素有多种,其中公务人员特别是领导干部的胜任力是重要因素之一。本文从提高公务人员胜任力的角度,探讨了提高公务人员行政效能的有关措施,建议引入胜任力评价模型和做法,并以此为中心探讨了我国人事管理体制改革的有关问题,以进一步健全我国干部选任机制。     

Policy on innovation in Australia: Divergence in definitions,problems, and solutions

Innovation has joined the mainstream in many nations as governments search for new ways to tackle challenging societal and economic problems. But Australia is seen to be lagging on innovation policy. Is this related to how governments define innovation? What do they regard as the problem they are addressing? What proposed solutions follow from this? This paper examines how Australian governments have defined innovation over four decades, signalling their policy intentions about how to make the nation more innovative. Definitions of innovation are analysed using 79 Australian (national level) policy documents published from 1976 to 2019. Close reading of these documents suggests two main definitions: innovation as technology, and innovation as culture. Topic modelling uncovers more differentiated themes, shows how definitions change over time, and demonstrates an association between definitions and political parties in government. The divergent approaches suggest a lack of coherence and continuity to policy on innovation in Australia.

Points for practitioners

• Innovation has expanded and broadened in its definition and governments and policymakers have paid increasing attention to it.
• In Australia, there are two main definitions of innovation used in policy—one related to technology and one related to culture.
• The technology view of innovation can be further divided into a focus on businesses or a focus on research and development (R&D).
• Different innovation definitions, problems, and solutions dominate at different times, with Coalition governments tending to favour business and technology over culture, and Labor governments doing the opposite.
• There are divergent approaches to policy on innovation in Australia which suggest a lack of coherence and consistency in policy over the long term.

     

当前及今后时期服务业重点行业人才缺口研究

当前“十四五”及今后一段时期，积极引导高校毕业生从事服务业重点行业，是应对新形势下 劳动力市场用工需求、充分挖掘高技能人力资源、稳定青年人就业的重要渠道。本研究基于 2010—2022 年《中 国统计年鉴》、2018年中国经济普查宏观数据和2010—2021年国泰安经济金融研究数据库中的A股上市公司数据， 采用多维固定效应模型等方法，测算服务业重点行业的人才缺口数量，总结出三大重点服务行业亟须的人才类 型和特点。研究发现：当前人才教育培养存在“用工荒”与“招工难”并存的现象；重知识、轻实践，受教育 水平与能力不匹配问题凸显；针对青年人就业观念的教育和引导较为有限。研究建议：教育部门应完善专业设 置和培养方案；企业和高校应积极推进大学生见习计划，加强校企合作，提高大学生的职业技能；高校和社会 要积极引导大学生群体树立正确的就业观念。