Characteristics of Backspatter on the Firearm and Shooting Hand—An Experimental Analysis of Close‐range Gunshots

Contact and close‐range gunshot injuries can produce bloodstains on the shooting hand and weapon. In this study, backspatter was analyzed in experimental horizontal pistol shots into blood‐filled sponges. The shooting distances were set between 0 and 45 cm. With increasing shooting distance, there was a significant decrease in the degree of backspatter. Microspatter could be detected on the weapon and shooting hand up to a shooting distance of 40 cm. They were predominantly located on thumb and index finger as well as the radial dorsal aspects of the hand. Fine spray of microspatter combined with elongated droplets in the shape of exclamation marks was found at contact and 2‐cm distance shots. An angular calculation based on the shape of the bloodstains was possible up to a shooting distance of 2 cm. No bloodstains were detected beyond 45 cm.     

Human (In)Security and Democracy in Central America

Human security has increasingly shifted attention to the individual, while the state has become guarantor (or violator) of security given its role in governing the domestic environment. This article examines how variations in regime forms influence security, pointing to the importance of political security in the wider human security framework. To illustrate, the article examines the nature of political security in Central America, a region with weakly democratized states and histories of political violence. The findings suggest a link between democracy and human security that is mediated by state capacity and the ability to control non-state violence against individuals.     

浅论政治协商在民主执政中的重要作用

当代中国的民主本质上是一种协商性民主.在当代中国,作为协调不同利益关系的政治协商,正是一种符合民主执政要求的形式.作为符合有中国特色社会主义民主政治要求的一种选择,政治协商对于坚持和完善民主执政具有重要意义.     

论马基雅维里的政治理论观

意大利人文主义思想家马基雅维里的政治理论,切断了国家、君权与上帝的联系,使国家学说与宗教神学相分离,使政治理论观点摆脱了道德的束缚,掀开了政治学说的新篇章。他既鼓吹君主制又讴歌共和制的二元化政体理论,是符合意大利现实的进步思想。马基雅维里的政治理论,奠定了近代资产国家学说和政治学说的基础。     

法类术语的科学性探析

法类术语中的概念应透过事物的现象,抽象其本质;应该舍弃事物的局部,概括其整体;也要力求摆脱对事物的褒贬,是中性的。法类术语表现的法学理念或法律概念,要在经验的基础上反映事物的逻辑关系,体现系统性。     

社区自治与社会主义政治文明建设

中国当前的社区自治存在着结构性困境 ,主要表现为制度供给不足 ,行政化倾向严重和居民社区参与意识孱弱。制度建设 ,自治组织建设与重塑 ,社区教育、培养公民的社区意识 ,是完善社区自治 ,推进社会主义政治文明建设的战略举措。     

法科留学生与中国近代法学

近年来,我国学术界对法科留学生与中国近代法制的关系问题有了一些研究,但对法科留学生对中国近代法学所作的贡献,则还未系统涉及。本文分三个部分,对中国近代法科留学活动的展开,法科留学生在中国近代法学的诞生与成长过程中所起的作用,以及因法科留学活动而带给中国近代法学以若干特点与传统作了比较详尽的阐述。     

社会进步视野中政治制度的功能分析

政治制度能够为物质文明的发展提供制度保障,为精神文明的创建奠定制度框架,为调节相互冲突的政治利益关系设置制度安排。政治制度对于社会进步的重要意义由此得以凸显。