从农村到城市犯罪环境对农民的特殊意义

农民从农村走向城市,所面临的城市自然环境、人文环境相对于其原来生存的农村环境十分陌生,作为边缘和弱势人群,“环境”对他们有着特殊的含义。影响其犯罪的特殊的环境因素主要表现为:农民工贫困群,城市社会的歧视、排斥,城市文化和农村文化的冲突,以及所居住的亚文化环境。控制住农民城市化进程中犯罪增长势头,需要寄希望于制度革新,进一步推进社会经济体制改革,完善对农民城市化中犯罪环境的控制措施。     

试论“劝告式”执法与构建城市和谐交通——以湖州市为例

如何构建城市和谐交通，是以罚治路还是依法治路？对交通违法行为是单纯的“严罚”，还是宽严相济？是动不动就“罚款”，还是有所区分，辅之于教育？在交通管理中如何全面落实科学发展观和为构建和谐社会作出努力？湖州交警正是基于这些问题的思考，勇于创新，在交通管理实践中推出了针对轻微交通违法行为的“劝告式”执法．这是湖州交警为构建城市和谐交通的一种创新实践。“劝告式”执法的推出给我们的启示是：要构建和谐交通，必须要解放思想、转变观念；必须实施政务公开制度；必须牢固树立“执法为民”的宗旨。     

城中村社区:秩序生成、失序风险及治理进路

城中村作为城市化背景下产生的特殊经济社会形态,在内生因素和外生变量共同作用下,正经历着社区秩序"解构-重构"的过程,新的社区秩序逐步生成。但城中村的社会结构高度异质化、管理能力弱化、社会空间冲突持续、社会排斥严重等问题长期存在,成为社区失序风险产生的"温床"。面对可能存在的失序风险,应进一步提升基层党组织领导作用,重构社区社会关系网络,增强民间规范正向约束力,充分发挥精英治理作用,以期进一步完善城中村社区治理体系和提升城中村社区治理能力,实现社区治理现代化目标。     

贵阳市创建全国文明城市的指标差距及应对建议——以经济发展和生活指标为例

从国民经济社会目前发展的水平上看,贵阳市已基本具备申报全国文明城市的条件。但与全国文明城市测评指标中经济发展和生活指标的九个指标分析,贵阳市还有还有三项未达标,将这三项再与已达标的南宁市进行比较,有利与找出差距,巩固成果。既坚定申报全国文明城市的信心,又找出努力的方向。     

加强城郊结合部犯罪控制的几点思考

城郊结合部外来人口多,人员流动频繁,是大城市案件多发、大案频发的地带.控制城郊结合部犯罪必须控制好几类严重刑事犯罪活动,如突发性、动态性犯罪,连续性犯罪,团伙犯罪及流窜犯罪等.     

Exploring the Effective Authority of International Administrations from the League of Nations to the United Nations

This article analyses the concept of international administration by a multilateral organization through the lens of the effective authority of example missions, arguing that the United Nations Interim Administration of Kosovo (UNMIK) and the United Nations Transitional Administration of East Timor (UNTAET) are very specific and distinct attempts at statebuilding. The article’s main argument is that the two most-cited cases in the interwar years – the Saar Territory and the Free City of Danzig, as well as the international administration of West New Guinea by the United Nation (UN) – while presenting interesting parallels with and providing useful insights into the challenges faced by the contemporary international administrations of Kosovo and Timor-Leste, are in fact drastically different endeavours in terms of the effective authority exerted on the ground. The article builds on this special section’s contribution on authority building, analysing the five international administrations through the prism of claimed, recognized, and exercised authority.     

Rewards and Consequences: Redistricting on the Chicago City Council

The challenges of understanding gerrymandering are primarily related to its conceptual ambiguity and measurement. This is true despite landmark legal rulings and a rich literature on the subject. In an attempt to alleviate some of the confusion, theories of the gerrymandering process are combined with advanced quantitative and mapping techniques. The focus is on Chicago, where it is frequently claimed that gerrymandering is institutionalised; however, there has not been sufficient study of the causal connections between gerrymandering and a ward’s racial makeup. Employing a mixed methods approach which combines a case study of the 2011–2012 redistricting in Chicago with quantitative analysis of Decennial Census and data from the Chicago Data Portal, this article examines the remapping of Chicago from early 2012 (effective in 2015 and matched with 2010 Census data) to assess how potentially gerrymandered districts are diluting or concentrating vote share of racially homogeneous groups.     

Performance Management and Deficit Adjustment in U.S. Cities: An Exploratory Study

Performance management or PM has been promoted as a tool to transform government. Claims that PM will enable governments to “do more with less,” “increase efficiency,” provide “value for money,” and make “rational budget decisions” abound. Has PM helped city governments in the United States cope with the effects of the 2007–2009 Great Recession? Theory suggests that PM can provide the informational and analytical foundation necessary for city officials to implement comprehensive but conflictive budget-cutting and revenue-raising strategies. By facilitating deep expenditure cuts and tax increases, PM can indirectly influence budget deficits. Using data from a national survey of city governments and multiyear audited financial reports, the empirical analysis shows that PM cities favored what are essentially decremental responses to fiscal crises that lead to marginal changes in revenues and expenditures. Not surprisingly, there is no evidence that PM influences the size and change in budget shortfalls.     

我国农村城市化滞后的相关分析

从发展模式、发展程度和所处的发展阶段三个方面判断,我国农村城市化水平偏低,其原因既有资源性约束,也有体制性约束,这对我国经济社会发展带来了一系列的影响。     

试论美国纽约市法庭科学工作

纽约市是美国第一大城市,人口众多,经济发达,其法庭科学在国际上也享有声望。纽约市法庭科学部门主要分布在警察局(NYPD)和法医局(OCME)两大机构,警察系统的法庭科学机构主要负责毒品、微量物证、指纹、痕迹、枪弹及文件检验,法医局则进行DNA、毒化、法医病理、法医人类学方面的检验。本文首先介绍美国的警察制度及纽约市警察局概况,然后分别从警察局和法医局两个部门对纽约市法庭科学的部门隶属、部门设置与工作职能情况进行介绍。