试论墨子的人口伦理思想

墨子人口伦理的道德原则是兼爱，其道德规范有节用，节葬，非攻，节制蓄私，增殖人口、男女平等等。他人口伦理的道德根源是“天志”。其人性论基础是自然人性论。墨子人口思想对当代人口文化建设有着重要的借鉴意义。     

试论国际环境法的共同但有区别的责任原则

共同但有区别的责任原则主要包涵两层意思:共同责任和区别责任。但共同责任和区别责任是一个不可分割的有机联系的统一整体,并分别具有丰富的内涵。确立共同但有区别的责任原则是国际环境保护事业的历史发展所使然。由于该原则体现了发展中国家维护自身权益和平等地参与国际谈判以解决全球环境问题的意愿,故而其对发展中国家具有较强的亲和力。该原则具有很强的实践品格,其适用范围主要局限于环境保护领域。它是正在形成和发展中的国际环境法的基本原则,也许在不远的将来能获得国际习惯法的法律地位和效力。     

论社会主义和谐社会的经济基础

构建社会主义和谐社会,就必须有坚实的经济基础。而社会主义公有制、按劳分配和共同富裕,既是我们所必须坚持的社会主义根本原则,又是社会主义和谐社会赖以建立和发展的基础。只要我们坚持公有制和按劳分配的主体地位,坚持共同富裕的社会主义方向,就一定能为社会主义和谐社会奠定坚实的经济基础。     

The Roman Law Tradition and Its Future Development in China

In Late Qing Dynasty, the Chinese Law Family was disintegrated and the Western Law was introduced into China. Finally, China adopted the European continental Roman law tradition. This paper analyzes the reason for China’s borrowing of such legal system and probes its development and reform in the later years. It also tries to answer the question of what will be the possible impact upon the current Chinese legal system since China now implements the policy of “one country two systems” in order to realize its reunification with Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. In addition, it will make some prediction upon the future development of Chinese legal system. Translated from Tsinghua Law Review, Vol. 2, 1999 (in Chinese)     

被动语态在法律英语中的应用

被动语态是英语中一个很重要的语法项目,在日常生活中使用非常广泛,而且在法律文献中被动语态也往往被大量地使用。分析法律英语中使用被动语态的一些特色,有助于法律语言学习者更好地了解被动语态,以便能写出更标准的法律英语文献。     

The power of informality: European Union’s engagement with non-state actors in Common Security and Defence Policy

This article examines the little explored issue of non-state actor (NSA) participation in the European Union’s (EU) Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). Despite the fact that NGOs and civil society are shielded from formal access to CSDP, EU staff in both Brussels and the missions engage with them informally. Drawing on interviews with policy-makers and NSA representatives, the article analyses the practices of the EU in its engagement with NSAs, focusing on civilian missions in Georgia and Palestine. It shows that such engagement is more intense during implementation at the level of CSDP missions rather than during policy-making in Brussels. It argues that a combination of rational choice-based (functional needs of policy-makers and intensity of NSA advocacy) and constructivist (organisational and individual cultures) explanations helps us better understand why CSDP structures open up to NSAs. The article contributes to the nascent academic and policy debate on EU–civil society cooperation in CSDP and, more broadly, to the studies of informal governance in the EU and NSA participation in international organisations.     

英美法系侵权法上救助义务研究

英美法系关于一般救助义务的立场,经历了一个由完全拒绝到例外承认的缓慢演进过程.无论是近代还是现在,无救助义务规则在英美法系都是普遍存在的.无救助义务规则的例外情形,严格意义上来说,并非指美国几个州所制定的“坏撒玛利亚人法”,而是指它们关于特殊关系理论的阐述与运用.与此同时,美国法中“好撒玛利亚人法”立法范式更是为后人所称赞.     

两大法系证人保护制度的比较与借鉴

英美法系国家证人保护制度比大陆法系国家证人保护制度完善，范围较广，在证人具体保护方式和条件方面两大法系国家也存在区别。我国法律对证人的保护规定较少，并存在诸多问题。只有证人或者其特定关系人的人身安全受到实际危害或有造成实际危害的危险时，才有必要对其或特定关系人采取特殊保护措施。建立证人保护专门机构，有利于防止部门间相互推诿，也有利于对证人保护进行统一管理、调度，增强对证人保护力度。对于出庭证人的保护措施，应当包含作证前的预防性措施、作证后的事后保护性措施及对证人亲属的保护措施等。     

The American West’s longest large mammal migration: clarifying and securing the common interest

Over the last 10 years, conflict has grown over a 170-mile pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) migration between Grand Teton National Park and the Upper Green River Basin in western Wyoming. Resolving conflict in the common interest is proving difficult. This movement is the longest mammal migration in the lower 48 states, spanning the jurisdiction of three federal agencies, three Wyoming counties, and over 40 private landowners. In addition, there are over ten non-governmental conservation organizations, two major state agencies, Wyoming’s executive office, and many citizens involved in the issue. There are three major problem definitions serving the beliefs of participants: the ecological-scientific (conservation biologists, environmentalists), local rights (local control, property rights), and cultural value (historic, western heritage) definitions. These definitions challenge the social and decision making processes of regional communities and government agencies. Underlying the problem of securing the common interest is the highly fragmented patterns of authority and control, misorganized arena(s), and parochial perspectives of many participants. Options promoted by participants can be loosely classified as top-down (government, expert driven) versus bottom-up (local, practice-based) approaches and reflect preferences for the distribution and uses of power and other values. Given the social and decision making context of this case, the bottom-up, practiced-based approach would likely best secure a common interest outcome.     

Does the procedural act of electing leaders enhance cooperation in divided societies? Experimental evidence from Lebanon

Studies suggest that the procedural act of participating in an election in homogenous communities enhances social cooperation and compliance with policies proposed by the elected leader by making the leader more legitimate. In this study, we implement a lab-in-the-field experiment among Shia and Sunni Muslims in Lebanon to test whether participating in the procedural act of electing a leader increases cross-group cooperation also in ethnically heterogeneous communities. We find that participation in leader election fails to increase inter-group cooperation in a heterogeneous setting. In contrast, an appeal to a common ingroup identity successfully increases cooperation. When appeal to a supraordinate identity is combined with leader elections, cooperation increases only when out-group leaders are elected and among voters who value democratic procedure. Our findings suggest that in ethnically divided societies elections can lead to cooperation only if the dominant social norms are consistent with democracy and supraordinate group identity is salient.