Proxy documents as a source of measurement error in the Comparative Manifestos Project

This paper considers the issue of document type diversity in the Comparative Manifestos Project (CMP). For many years the CMP has been collecting and coding a variety of documents, such as speeches, pamphlets, newspaper articles and leaflets, as manifesto proxies. By using previously unexplored archival material to perform controlled comparisons between different types of documents, this paper argues that the coding of such documents introduced considerable measurement error to party position estimates. Statistical analyses indicate that this measurement error is systematic rather than random as it is often manifested as centrist bias in parties' left–right position estimates. Consequently, the paper argues that random error correction methods cannot always correct for error attributed to the coding of proxy documents. The paper concludes with some recommendations for third-party users of the CMP data and documents and a plea to the CMP research team.     

依托地缘优势超常规加快推进工业化——以贵州省铜仁地区为例

铜仁地区是全国欠发达程度最深的地区之一,为了摆脱总在别人后面追赶的尴尬局面,必须依托地缘优势,打破常规、大胆探索又好又快、更好更快发展的新路子,才能占领全省经济社会发展的制高点,进而取得追比进位的效果,促进全区经济社会的跨越发展。     

A Comparative Approach to Performance Management: Contrasting the Experience of Australia,New Zealand,and the United States

Abstract

Despite the use of the same vocabulary and seemingly similar agendas, the experience of these three countries cannot be comprehended without attention to the different contexts in which the countries operate. This paper focuses on the experience in these three English speaking countries dealing with the structure or context of the institutional arrangements, the process of defining outcomes, issues related to timing, availability and investment in data systems, predominant values that are at play, experience with gaming, and accountability arrangements. It provides thumbnail sketches of the framework and experience of these three countries and compares their experience in performance management. While there are significant differences that emerge from contextual variety, there are some shared dynamics in the three systems. I call these “normal tensions” in the system. Yet these tensions have been largely ignored in the performance management movement.     

医疗损害鉴定研究:江苏模式与北京模式比较——基于《侵权责任法》的视角分析

《侵权责任法》实施后我国并没有形成统一的医疗损害鉴定制度。江苏和北京高级法院分别对医疗损害鉴定的具体内容及部分具体鉴定制度进行了明确规定。二者最大的区别在于对医学会鉴定和法医鉴定这两种鉴定模式的优先选择不同。江苏模式优先选择医学会组织的医疗损害鉴定,能够从专业的角度保障医疗损害鉴定工作的完成,但建议加大力度完善医疗损害鉴定的监督机制及省属范围内的异地鉴定制度。北京模式则相对倾向医疗损害司法鉴定。建议完善医疗损害鉴定人的准入制度及医疗损害司法鉴定程序并构建医疗损害司法鉴定专家库。医疗损害司法鉴定制度构建过程中,建议遵循医疗损害鉴定统一性、专业性、标准化及监督的原则。     

Campaigning on an upper level? Individual campaigning in the 2009 European Parliament elections in its determinants

Election campaigns are not only party campaigns, but depend to a significant degree on the efforts and activities of individual candidates. While some country-specific analyses of candidate campaigning have been done, large-N comparative studies are missing. The 2009 European Election Candidate Study, conducted in all 27 EU countries, does allow for such a comparative analysis. On the basis of this data, the article takes a closer look at three core components of individual campaigns and their respective determinants: duration, intensity, and the use of different campaign tools. Our findings show that only a combination of factors on the individual, party, and country level is able to explain significant amounts of the observed variance in each of the core components.     

从比较法视角看饲养动物致害的侵权责任制度及我国立法之完善

近些年动物伤人事件频频发生,值得反思动物致人损害的责任制度。饲养动物致人损害是较为特殊的一种侵权行为,侵权主体的高危险性决定了其归责制度必然不同于一般的侵权行为。各国民事法律均对其责任有专门的规定。本文试图通过考察各国对动物致害责任的归责制度,根据我国立法环境,借鉴各国立法经验,就动物侵权行为主体的划分和侵权义务主体认定两个重要问题提出完善建议。     

两岸知识产权刑事保护立法比较研究

我国大陆和台湾地区都对知识产权进行刑事保护。通过对两岸知识产权刑事保护立法的比较,能为我国大陆知识产权保护刑事立法的改革和完善提供思路。     

公共管理视域中的第三部门：功能、优势及困境

第三部门与公共管理无论从理念还是实践层面都具有紧密的内在联系。第三部门是公民社会的组织,在公共管理的多元主体体系中,代表来自市场和政府之外的力量。在公共管理中,第三部门发挥独特的功能,它已经成为推动经济发展、提供社会公共服务、推进民主政治进程、维护社会稳定、促进社会资本积累的重要力量。第三部门功能的发挥源于第三部门在贴近民众、行动灵活、创新性、专业性、广泛性方面具有独特的优势。同时,第三部门由于内外两方面的原因,存在活力缺失的困境。第三部门要走出困境,客观上需要第三部门自身、政府和社会的共同努力。     

法德刑事侦查制度比较研究

法德是大陆法系国家的典型代表,但是由于诸多因素的影响,两国的刑事侦查制度,在组织、程序、人事等方面又存在一定的差异.这主要是两国历史背景、国家结构形式、外来因素影响和现代化侦查制度的改革等的不同造成的.     

政府与企业人力资源管理比较研究综述

政府和企业作为社会组织的重要组成部分,一直深受研究者的关注。从人力资源管理比较研究的视角来分析二者的异同,厘清相互之间的关系,对于进一步改善各自的运行机制和管理水平,具有重要意义。本文梳理了目前关于政府与企业人力资源管理的主要成果,希望能够厘清政府与企业人力资源管理的区别。