Campaigning on an upper level? Individual campaigning in the 2009 European Parliament elections in its determinants

Election campaigns are not only party campaigns, but depend to a significant degree on the efforts and activities of individual candidates. While some country-specific analyses of candidate campaigning have been done, large-N comparative studies are missing. The 2009 European Election Candidate Study, conducted in all 27 EU countries, does allow for such a comparative analysis. On the basis of this data, the article takes a closer look at three core components of individual campaigns and their respective determinants: duration, intensity, and the use of different campaign tools. Our findings show that only a combination of factors on the individual, party, and country level is able to explain significant amounts of the observed variance in each of the core components.     

浅议维和行动在中国国际战略中的利益价值——以海地维和为例

中国对海地维和行动采取了更加积极、更加务实的态度,因为它在中国的国际战略中具有重要的战略利益价值,有利于实现中国在海地乃至整个拉美的政治利益、经济利益和安全利益。随着中国外交走向成熟,外交政策越来越务实和灵活,中国在今后参与维和行动上将会越来越注重利益价值或潜在利益价值的实现。