Power and Conflict in the Swiss Political Elite: An Aggregation of Existing Network Analyses

Since Kriesi's (1980) pioneering work no study has attempted to provide an overall picture of power configuration among the Swiss political elite. To fill this gap we aggregate recent network analyses carried out in various policy domains. Based on meta-hypotheses regarding the likely effects of the contextual changes that have taken place during the last thirty years, we compare the structure of the Swiss political elite existing in the 1970s to that of the last decade with respect to reputational power, collaboration and conflict. Our results suggest that important transformations have indeed occurred. Thus, both political parties and some specific state bodies could increase their power, whereas most interest groups have lost some. While the internationalization of politics has overall had the expected effects with respect to the power structure and to conflict among political parties, it did not lead to the hypothesized, new conflict among interest groups.     

Intraindividual Variability in Adolescents’ Perceived Relationship Satisfaction: The Role of Daily Conflict

A daily diary method was used to examine the daily dynamics of adolescent conflict and perceived relationship satisfaction with mothers, fathers, and best friends among a sample of 72 Dutch adolescents (M = 15.59 years). Multilevel analyses revealed that perceived relationship satisfaction with mothers, fathers, and best friends was lower on days on which conflict occurred with mothers, fathers, and best friends than on days on which no conflict occurred. More specifically, perceived relationship satisfaction was highest in a particular relationship on days when no conflict occurred, second highest on days on which constructive conflict occurred, and lowest on days on which unconstructive conflict occurred. Whereas in adolescents’ relationships with their parents, conflict and perceived relationship satisfaction were not found to be related to each other one day later, conflict with their best friends—and especially unconstructive conflict—was found to be related to higher perceived relationship satisfaction one day later.

"X+Y"——图书馆管理的艺术

从人性假设理论的角度出发,在对麦格雷戈X-Y理论的分析研究基础之上,分别将X理论和Y理论运用到图书馆管理实践中,通过对两种管理模式的评析,从而提出"只有将X与Y的有机结合运用于图书馆管理中,才能保证图书馆事业的可持续发展"。     

政府治理体系优化的逻辑与路径:基于复杂性管理的分析

国家治理现代化的重要标志是将制度优势转化为治理效能,而政府治理体系和治理能力现代化是国家治理现代化的关键环节和核心任务。国家治理的复杂性要求政府治理体系所展现的功能与外在复杂性相适应:一方面,政府治理体系优化要根据"递归结构"实现体系纵向结构的科学定责、合理赋权,使每一层级的政府责任契合于国家治理的客观要求;另一方面,要实现横向结构中不同主体的功能协同、资源整合,使政府在处理跨地域、跨领域问题上能够有效地集中其他治理主体的力量,实现公共治理的"整体功能大于部分之和"。     

Dangerised youth: the politics of security and development in Timor-Leste

International organisations, the national government and civil society alike have identified youth as a potential threat to the stability of the young state of Timor-Leste over the last decade. In this article, I ask how these actors define the danger of youth and what reasons they identify for the potential threat of young citizens for the society and state. Guided by a theoretical framework of Critical Security and Development Studies, I argue that while political manipulation as reason for youth violence was a prominent part of the security discourse in the years after the crisis in 2006, the discourse on the danger of youth in very recent international and national documents has been depoliticised. Despite decreasing numbers of youth-related violence, the threat construction has not vanished; rather, the language on youth has been adapted to the existing international discourse on violent youth as a threat to successful development. In this way, international and national actors have sustained the image of a society in need of management.     

Governance of Education in the United Kingdom: Convergence or Divergence?

Abstract

This article considers how structures and processes of governance in education have changed in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland over recent years, setting this discussion within the context of debates about the nature of governance and governing in public services more generally. It is argued, firstly, that governance needs to be considered as a comprehensive concept that encompasses both the role of the state and the range of other actors and processes through which educational provision is steered; and secondly, that governance is essentially about power: its distribution and its use. The article draws on these key ideas to explore the similarities and differences between the experiences of the four constituent jurisdictions of the United Kingdom over recent years. It considers whether the approaches in the jurisdictions are converging or diverging, the reasons underlying this, and prospects for the future. It is concluded that, while national histories and cultures have served to maintain very distinctive governance identities among the jurisdictions, international trends, and the ways in which governments respond to these, are putting these identities under considerable pressure.     

新视野，大思考——新公共管理与中国行政体制改革

二十世纪八十年代西方发源的新公共管理改革浪潮在对西方各国政府管理理论和实践产生深远影响的同时,也为其他国家行政改革提供了经验和教训。本文透过新公共管理的视野,以借鉴、反思的角度,分析了新公共管理对我国行政体制改革的影响。     

电子政务环境下政府社会管理创新动因分析

以数字和网络技术为标志的信息技术革命与政府社会管理实践之间存在着互动关系。一方面,数字技术的发展成果直接作用于社会管理实践;另一方面,社会管理活动不断实现对技术因素的协调与控制。电子政务对于促进社会管理体制创新、改进社会管理效果、加强政府对社会舆论的协调与引导、促进不同区域平衡发展等方面具有重要意义。在电子政务环境下,政府社会管理理念远未形成、公众缺乏社会参与意识、政府社会管理能力亟待提高、社会管理体制尚待完善等成为社会管理创新的内部动因;全球化和现代化的冲击、我国社会管理的发展现状、政府社会管理能力弱化等成为社会管理创新的外部因素。     

从公司治理结构谈盈余管理

盈余管理是企业经理人在既定制度下的一种理性选择行为。导致盈余管理的影响因素是多方面的,其中一个重要制度因素是公司治理结构。公司内外治理结构均对盈余管理行为产生影响,所以我们要从加快国有股减持、建立约束激励机制、建立经理人市场和独立董事制度几个方面入手,尽量减少盈余管理。     

公共管理与构建和谐社会关系研究

公共管理在构建和谐社会的过程中具有多重功能。公共管理过程中多方面的合作与协商,有利于充分反映和兼顾不同利益群体的愿望与要求,有利于实现多方面的“共赢”,有利于促进多元共生和谐社会的构建与发展。公共管理具有更强的合法性。但是,我要充分发挥公共管理在构建和谐社会中的作用,需要转变行政机关的职能与转变行政治理工具、培育公民社会、推进社会主义法治建设、构建畅通的反映公民诉求的途径和解决社会问题的有效机制等,同时,应努力促使公共管理朝着它的理想模式——善治的方向发展。