Rights by Fortune or Fight? Reexamining the Addition of Sex to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

It is widely believed that the extension of protection against employment discrimination to women through Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (CRA) was a fluke, the product of an attempted “killer amendment” by civil rights opponents gone awry. My analysis challenges this conventional wisdom, showing that the coalition of Republicans and southern Democrats in support of the sex amendment to Title VII was consistent with broader patterns of support for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in the early to mid‐20th century. In other words, support appears to have been sincere, not sophisticated—proponents preferred a CRA with the sex amendment to one without. I proceed to show that concern about the direct impact on women, and not simply the instrumental impact on labor, played an important role in motivating this support. But, I also find reason for caution in interpreting support for workplace rights as evidence of broad support for women's rights at this time.     

1941年延安市第一届参议会的民主实践——基于《解放日报》相关报道的考察分析

革命圣地延安作为陕甘宁边区首府的地缘优势,以及该市参议会在边区、县、乡(市)三级参议会制中承上启下的枢纽地位,使得对其研究颇具意义。通过对《解放日报》相关报道的分析,梳理出延安市第一届参议会在基层民主选举、监督批评政府以及提案工作等方面的基本做法和历史经验。考察这一基层代议机关的日常运作机制,有助于我们更为深入地了解陕甘宁边区县域参议会制度的历史面貌,发扬延安精神,坚持和完善人民代表大会制度,推进基层社会治理现代化。     

美国国会涉台提案的发展

对1977年至2006年共15届美国国会共计240余件涉及台湾问题的提案进行了分析,发现利用台湾问题牵制中国发展.共和民主两党斗争、利益集团和选区利益压力、意识形态偏见以及"台独"势力对国会议员的游说接触、利益收买,是决定美国国会涉台提案出现的主要原凶。国会的涉台提案行为,对中国的统一大业、对中美关系的发展,起了极其消极的作用,但随着中国的全面崛起,它们无法改变中美关系向前发展的大局。     

选举权上的差别对待和农民的“国民待遇”——兼论《选举法》再次修改的必要性

农业人口选举权是城市居民的1/4,这是他们的人均收入不足城市居民的1/4、政府对基层农村卫生经费投入人均不到城市的1/4,以及农民在其他方面长期没有享受到“国民待遇”的重要原因之一。而要给农民以“国民待遇”,必须重视选举权对改变农民弱势地位的重要作用,同时相信中国农民的民主能力。在将来再次修订《选举法》时,凡是对农业人口有歧视规定的条文,都在必要修改之列。     

“群众性政党”的提出与中共四大的作用

"群众性政党"的目标,出于共产国际四大。由于当时中国共产党尚处于幼年 时期,党的力量和影响都不大,因而遭到共产国际代表马林的轻视,反对将中国共产党建 设成群众性的政党,并把中国革命的希望寄托于国民党身上。中共四大根据建设群众性政 党的目标,加强了党的建设,使党开始走上群众性政党的道路。"五卅"运动的成功,标志着 中国共产党发展成为群众性的政党。     

The 2014 Parliamentary Elections in India: A Study of the Voting Preferences of Muslims in Uttar Pradesh

This paper analyses the manner in which over the past few years, the major political parties in the largest Indian state of Uttar Pradesh have calibrated their policies with the objective of wooing Muslim voters. It examines the factors which shaped Muslim electoral behaviour in the general election of 2014 to the Lok Sabha (Lower House of the Indian Parliament) and how the electoral arithmetic was transformed in the run-up to this election. By analysing institutional, political and intra-community factors, it explores the reasons for the declining importance and representation of Muslims in the electoral arena of Uttar Pradesh.     

Congresses versus caudillos: the untold history of democracy in Latin America,with special emphasis on New Granada (Colombia), 1830–60. A new research agenda

SUMMARY

Since their origins, congresses played significant roles in the emerging states of Latin America following independence from Spain. Yet their protagonism has been overshadowed by the so-called caudillos, the strongmen who seem to have dominated the politics of the region during most of the nineteenth century. This article argues that congresses were central political actors in Latin America during the century and it does so by examining their various functions. Congresses served to form governments, to define the legislative agenda and to limit the power of the executive. Congress was the institution around which political parties and their leaders were formed, while the practices of representative government developed.     

Ghana's elections of 7 December 2016: A post-mortem

Ghana went to presidential and parliamentary polls on 7 December 2016, leading to the defeat of President John Mahama and the National Democratic Congress government by the opposition, the New Patriotic Party led by Nana Akufo-Addo. The outcome of the elections therefore followed in the same vein as those held in Ghana in 2000 and 2008, in which the incumbent party lost to the opposition. This article is based on a desk study review of the 2016 elections. There is a brief overview of the state of affairs in Ghana's electoral politics, followed by a discussion of Ghana's electoral reforms, the organisation and management of the elections, the candidates and the campaigns, and the outcome of the elections, as well as some of the challenges that faced the transition process.     

国际海事仲裁员大会第十七届会议综述

第十七届国际海事仲裁员大会共确定五个主要议题：一是世界范围内仲裁的最新发展;二是仲裁程序中存在的若干重要问题;三是提单/租约等运输合同争议;四是海事技术问题;五是近年来出现的航运热点问题。