Jānis Gaigulis,in retrospect

This article offers a reassessment of the All-Estonian Congress, held in Tartu in November 1905, focusing on the background to this key event during the Russian Revolution of 1905, the most controversial aspects of the Congress itself, and its immediate as well as long-term significance. The split of the Congress into two wings reflected the fragmentation of Estonian political and social thought in the heated atmosphere of 1905, with one side calling for an evolutionary solution to the crisis facing the Russian state while the other demanded revolutionary change. In the longer perspective the Congress must be seen as a key element in the first broadly based political mobilization of the Estonian population in modern times, laying the groundwork for more sweeping change after 1917.     

中华民族复兴的新的伟大起点——纪念辛亥革命一百周年

辛亥革命作为中华民族复兴的新的伟大起点,主要表现在这次革命是鸦片战争以来中华民族救亡图存革命浪潮集聚形成的历史剧变,结束了君主专制制度,激发了中华民族的民族意识的觉醒,是一次具有完全意义的反帝反封建的资产阶级革命。辛亥革命从实践上揭示了二十世纪中国人民反侵略反压迫两大革命主题,为中国共产党的诞生提供了历史契机。     

革命逻辑的错乱:中共“文化革命”观变迁考察(1956.1～1966.8)

“文化大革命”自是一场给党和国家带来严重灾难的内乱,但在它全面爆发前的十余年间,中共的“文化革命”观却经历了由“纯粹文化”到“观念”层面革命的三次反复,最终又由“观念”层面进入政治层面的“夺权”革命.其过程错综复杂,原因多种多样.对此变迁进行梳理和分析,能使人们从一个侧面了解中共及当代中国思想发展的轨迹.     

Two perspectives on Zimbabwe's National Democratic Revolution: Thabo Mbeki and Wilfred Mhanda

The concept of the ‘National Democratic Revolution’ (NDR) is often used by left-leaning scholars and political actors in attempts to explain or justify the lack of socialism in third-world societies governed by rulers who consider themselves ‘scientific socialists’. It has been invoked in analyses of Zimbabwe by both the former president of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki, in 2001 as he was embarking on his ‘quiet diplomacy’, and Wilfred Mhanda, a Zimbabwean guerrilla leader imprisoned by the Mozambican government in the late-1970s for posing problems to the leadership aspirations of Robert Mugabe, who later became president of the country posing problems for Thabo Mbeki among others. Analysis of both these political intellectuals’ writing sheds light on the concept of the NDR (evoked often in contemporary South African politics and Zimbabwean discourse about the current crisis) as well as the theoretical and practical aspects of the authors’ careers.     

十月革命的当代审视——兼论中国特色社会主义的重大历史意义

要全面客观地评价十月革命,首先必须搞清:十月革命解决了哪些问题,遗留了哪些问题,还有哪些问题需要进一步探索解决.十月革命解决了社会主义由理论变为实践、东方落后国家的现代化和殖民地半殖民地民族解放的道路问题,遗留下了社会主义的模式建设、世界发展、政党建设和社会建设等基本问题.十月革命启示我们:社会主义必须首先和着重发展生产力,提高人民生活;社会主义必须进行模式创新,走出自己的特色;无产阶级政党必须加强自身建设,提高各种能力;社会主义必须是和谐社会与和谐世界的有机统一,走向人类大同.在中国,包括民主社会主义在内的任何"模式"都不能取代中国特色社会主义,因为中国特色社会主义是中国自己探索出的符合自己特点的真正成功之路.     

革命·改革·和谐社会建构——马克思主义语境中的中国社会发展路径选择

随着科学发展观的提出,我们党形成了科学发展与社会和谐内在统一的崭新思路和社会建设与发展的路径,科学发展与社会和谐具有内在统一性。以科学发展观为指导推进社会主义社会的发展,使得经济社会发展的指导思想和路径选择更加符合时代的要求和社会主义现代化建设的实际。     

毛泽东和中国革命初期的工人运动

毛泽东是一个马克思主义者,是中国革命的领导人,同时也是中国工人运动的领袖。在中国革命初期的工人运动中,他不仅表现出高瞻远瞩,审时度势的领导才能,而且为中国革命和工人运动的发展奠定了坚实的基础,造就了一批才能卓越的领导人才。     

国民革命与妇女解放运动的发展

在中国共产党的领导下,国民革命推动了妇女解放运动的发展。妇女不缠足运动的发展、生活风尚的变化、妇女受教育的扩大以及社会政治地位的提高等方面都说明了国民革命推动了妇女由传统“女人”向具有独立人格的现代“人”的转变。     

“和平共处”外交思想的演变与中国外交

由于历史与现实、主观和客观等方面的原因,"和平共处"外交思想的运用无论是在"一边倒"体制下、社会主义国家之间, 还是着力推进"世界革命"之时,都存在着很大的局限。只有在改革开放后,我们才真正超越意识形态的差异,"和平共处"外交思想才 有了全方位的运用。与此同时,伴随着"和平共处"思想的发展,中国外交也日臻成熟与完善。     

Gender differences and patterns of arrest across two generations of Cuban immigrants in the United States

The present study is based on a secondary-data analysis of a subsample of Cuban immigrants residing in the United States. While there are no significant differences in arrest rates between U.S. natives of Cuban descent and their foreign-born counterparts, life transitions have a differential impact on behavioral outcomes when young men and women of Cuban ancestry are compared. Job instability increases the risk of arrest for men, while being a single parent increases the risk of arrest for women. Growing up in a two-parent family and marriage have crime protective effects for men, while religiosity decreases the probability of arrest for women. In both subsamples, having a family member arrested was the strongest predictor of one’s arrest status in early adulthood.