近十年来民主党派监督职能研究述评

各民主党派在国家的社会主义建设事业中发挥着越来越重要的作用。民主监督的职能长期以来都是理论界研究的热点问题,并取得了一系列显著的研究成果。     

日本政治中的“世袭”现象及潜规则

日本在明治维新后废除了身份制度,贵族制度也随之消失。但封建时代的许多旧俗仍然不可避免地残存下来,并在现代日本的政治生活中发挥着不可小视的影响。其中,“世袭议员”现象就是最为典型的政治文化遗产,折射出日本政治中某些传统的潜规则。日本政坛长期以来存在的“家族世袭”现象,在某种意义上对过去几十年日本的经济发展和政治稳定都起到了积极作用。但同时,“世袭”现象也使日本政坛的关系过于复杂化,权钱交易丑闻时有发生,增加了政治和经济改革的难度。日本大选使得民主党和自民党在这一问题上展开了激烈的斗争。“世袭议员”制度的政治传统面临着改革的压力,然而日本民族文化深远的影响力同样不容忽视。关注2009年日本大选背景下日本有关“世袭议员”现象的争论,从制度成因变化的角度分析日本政治的传统与变革之争,并尝试对“世袭议员”现象的前景做一展望。     

The political context and Duverger's theory: Evidence at the district level

A central tenet of electoral systems' research is that more parties should get votes in districts with large magnitudes than in districts with smaller magnitudes. This proposition is largely untested at the district level, even though that is the level at which relevant pressures are expected to work. At the aggregate level, research has found that there are systematic deviations from Duverger's law related to incentives from ethnolinguistic fragmentation, institutions, and strategic voting. This analysis confirms that many of these results hold at the district level, which is the most appropriate level for testing Duverger's law. District level party-system fragmentation patterns in 44 countries support Duverger's basic hypotheses. The effect of electoral institutions is contingent, however, upon the presence of social cleavages that generate pressures for additional parties, the establishment of patterns of party-system competition that help voters evaluate contenders' viability, and the absence of competing incentives generated by districts of varying magnitudes. These effects are robust to different specifications of social heterogeneity. However, we find no evidence that institutional features like federalism or presidentialism reduce the strategic effects of district level factors.     

论“民主”反腐的机制与机率探析

推进党的反腐败工作和反腐倡廉建设,必须将民主理念和民主手段引入其中,将民主提升为惩防腐败的新治本之策,着力建立健全＂教育、制度、监督、民主＂并重的惩治预防腐败体系。这就必须切实关注＂民主＂惩治预防腐败的机制与＂民主＂惩治预防腐败的机率。     

Chapter 8: The “Citizen” in Youth Civic Engagement

SUMMARY

The concept of citizenship is a central, necessary, and defining feature of youth civic engagement. Any effort to educate young people for citizenship entails an implicit idea of what a “good citizen” is. There are a number of different and sometimes competing versions of what is a “good citizen.” This chapter reviews “standard” accounts of citizenship in political theory and offers lived citizen as a critical expansion and bridging dimension to current discourses of citizenship. We develop this idea through our readings of the three initiatives in conversation with the writing of Hannah Arendt and John Dewey. Our reading of Arendt and Dewey provides a grounded, embodied, and fluid understanding of the relationship between doing citizen activities (PA, YIG, YSC), becoming citizen (learning through interaction), and being citizen.     

网络时代加强民主党派宣传思想工作的思考

民主党派宣传思想工作肩负着“内强素质,外塑形象”的重要职责,是民主党派自身建设的重要环节和基础性工程。面对网络时代迅猛发展给民主党派宣传思想工作带来的发展机遇和严峻挑战,要高度强化网络时代做好宣传思想工作的观念和意识,牢牢掌握宣传思想工作的主动权,充分利用网络资源加强民主党派宣传思想工作,增强宣传思想工作的针对性和实效性。     

协商民主在中国生长的土壤——从传统社会的价值观念角度分析

协商民主是西方社会为修补选举民主而提出的民主的一种形式,又叫慎议民主。但是就协商民主的实践来看,中国政治体制已经走在这种民主模式的前列。本文以传统中国社会的价值观念予以阐述剖析,协商的传统根生于中国社会。     

试析我国政党制度的演进与毛泽东邓小平的民主政治建设思想的发展

要加强我国的民主政治建设，必须发展完善我国的政党制度。以毛泽东、邓小平为首的中国共产党第一代和第二代中央领导集体创立的中国特色的多党合作制度，是中国近现代政治发展的历史结果，开拓了新时期中国民主政治发展道路的新途径。     

日本两党制趋势分析

日本民主党在2003 年和2004 年的众参两院选举中取得了较大的胜利,其发展势头直逼执政的自民党,日本政坛企盼已久的两大政党制似乎实现有望。但是,民主党之所以胜出,并不是由于该党的方针政策获得了民心,而是得益于自民党的失策和领导人的失态。再者,从日本各政党的发展历程以及民主党的现状来看,也有理由认为真正的两大政党制还难以在近期内实现。     

关于坚持和健全民主集中制的思考

全面推进党的建设,关键之一就是必须坚持和健全民主集中制原则。