论"民主扩展论"的二律背反

"民主扩展论"是当前美国和西方的国际政治学理论界占有重要地位的学术理论之一.它虽然早在20世纪80年代初便已出现,但受到众多理论家的推崇和追随却是90年代以后的事.近年来,伴随美国对其超级独霸地位的追逐,独家垄断对国际事务主宰权和以武力干涉别国国内事务的欲求几乎不可避免地成了它迫切而现实的需要.这种现实的需要促使美国国内的某些理论家去为这种欲求寻求理论上的"合理性"和"合法性"依据."民主扩展论"在这种情形之下应运而生.它所宣扬的核心论点是:"民主"和"自由"价值理念在世界范围的进一步扩展需要靠美国等少数掌握了民主"真理"的国家以武力干涉其他国家国内事务的方式才能实现.本文通过对民主和自由最本质的价值内涵和当今世界最根本的国际政治现实因素的深入分析和对比,揭示了这种理论所表现出来的理性价值的二律背反:它虽然在理论上以扩展"民主"和"自由"价值观的必要性为"依据",但它在本质意义上却走到了与民主和自由价值理念相悖的价值立场上--即以民主和自由的理性价值来为强权政治和霸权主义的非理性诉求辩护.     

杜威的“民主共同体”思想述评

杜威以道德伦理价值为基础,提出了建立"民主共同体"的社会政治哲学思想."民主共同体"的社会形态观念体现了杜威对人的价值和人的本质的新认识.其提出"民主共同体"思想的目的是使人类达到"实现每一个人的解放和全面发展"的社会理想状态.这是杜威"民主共同体"思想的内在本质.     

党和国家长治久安的根本保证——论邓小平新时期巩固和加强人民民主专政思想

邓小平对新时期为什么巩固和加强人民民主专政、怎样巩固和加强人民民主专政进行了实践和探索,作出一系列重要论述,为新时期巩固和加强人民民主专政指明了方向,对保证党和国家的长治久安具有重大而深远的历史意义和现实指导意义,同时也为马克思主义理论宝库增添了新的内容.巩固和加强人民民主专政的思想是社会主义国家永恒的课题,要在研究新情况、解决新问题的新的实践中继续丰富、完善和发展.     

当今中国宪政、法治实践中的若干理论问题

党的十五大明确提出了发展社会主义民主政治,实行法治,建设社会主义"法治国家"的基本方略,与此同时,宪法就此问题作出了相应的修改与完善.世纪之交的中国社会在宪政法制建设的实践和迈向法治现代化的征途中面临着一系列急待从宪法、法理上予以澄清和正面解答的理论问题,本文就现阶段我国宪政、法治实践中所面临的若干最直接的现实理论问题进行了必要的宪法学、法理学分析和探讨,并对"政治与法治"、"权与法"、"宪政、法治与法制"、"政党、政策与宪法之关系"进行了具体探讨和论述,提出了在"依法治国"过程中必须摆正和处理好上列诸方面宪政、法理关系的具体理论建议和主张.     

On the Way to Limited Competitiveness: Political Consequences of the 2011 Electoral Reform in Hungary

This article tests the effects of a new electoral system in Hungary that was introduced by the governing FIDESZ party in 2011. We are especially concerned with the shape of single-member district (SMD) level electoral competition following a significant transformation that tends to be viewed as serving FIDESZ's goal of preserving its constitutional majority. The results show not only transformation of Hungarian electoral politics between 2010 and 2018 elections but also the fact that the return of bipolarization is far from reality in Hungarian electoral politics. On one hand, the reform resulted in an increased number of districts with clear dominance of the two strongest parties nationally, but on the other hand, this trend was connected to asymmetrical bipartism, with clear advantage of the FIDESZ. Furthermore, there was a persistently high number of SMDs where the competition took place between the FIDESZ and one of the third-place parties.     

South Africa’s peacebuilding in the DRC: Convergence and dissonance with the liberal model

The task of transforming countries affected by conflict towards sustainable peace has been a persistent problem. In response to growing intra-state conflict in the post-Cold War era, it has become the norm to prescribe a cocktail of liberal democracy and free-market economics as a universal formula for building peaceful societies. South Africa, since its post-democratic emergence into global affairs, has also been active in promoting peace in Africa along similar lines. This article embarks on an exploratory qualitative analysis of South Africa’s peacebuilding engagements in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It aims to contribute a better understanding of South Africa’s peacebuilding engagements by utilising the DRC case study to point out areas of convergence and dissonance with the dominant liberal model of peacebuilding. The article finds that, although peppered with successes and failures, South Africa does approach peacebuilding in a unique manner. It also calls for a revision of South Africa’s approach, given the varying levels of success in the DRC.     

Economic inequality,winner-loser gap,and satisfaction with democracy

This study analyzes how economic inequality affects electoral winners and losers' satisfaction with democracy. We posit that both the poor and the rich have more at stake in elections when inequality is high. Electoral losers, whether they are the poor or the rich, are more likely to be dissatisfied with democratic systems when facing greater disparity in wealth. In contrast, electoral winners confronting higher inequality are more likely to express satisfaction with democracy. Employing a multilevel analysis of Comparative Study Electoral Systems (CSES) data, we find that the gap in satisfaction with democracy between electoral winners and losers widens as income inequality increases. Broadening the conventional wisdom that electoral systems mediate the effect of citizens' winner-loser status on their democratic attitudes, we demonstrate that the mediating effects of economic inequality are more critical than the institutional effects.     

民主治理中的集体行动——一个组织行为学议题及其解释

作为社会科学想象力的产物,集体行动现象的概念化成为公共生活中最重要的一种知识增长.但在既有的学术研究中,集体行动概念要么偏向于社会抗争性事件的分析,要么在新制度主义经济学的理论假设中作出过度操作化的分析.因此,从建构主义行政学出发,在更一般化的理论水平上对集体行动进行研究,这既是科层治理向民主治理转化中提出的一个组织行为学的知识性议题,又是构建前瞻性和承担社会责任的公共行政的关键议题.     

党员民主权利保障中存在的问题及对策研究

党员在党内生活中处于主体地位,而党员的这种主体地位主要是通过党员的民主权利来实现的,党章赋予党员的民主权利神圣不可侵犯。因此确立和保障党员民主权利是党内民主建设的重点,是发展党内民主的本质要求和重要体现。用原因分析方法来研究党员民主权利保障现实问题,根据不同问题的产生原因并分析其本质而提出针对性的解决措施,有助于从现实性的角度更好地促进党内民主的发展,促进党内民主建设。     

现代国家建构与农村基层民主法治建设

现代国家建构是民族—国家与民主—国家的双重建构,其本质是国家主权性与国家合法性的二维建设。中国在现代国家建构之中,不仅存在着民族—国家建构与民主—国家建构的非均衡性,而且还存在着城乡发展的非均衡性,尤其是农村基层的民主、法治建设落后于城市发展,国家政权认同在乡村社会遭遇合法性危机。进一步推进农村基层民主制度建设,构建服务型地方政府;大力完善农村基层法治建设,增强国家合法性,是当下中国现代国家建构的重中之重。