外国人居留证管理的现状及可行性改革思路

现行的外国人居留证件管理体系已难以适应形势的发展和需要,改革势在必行。取消现行大一统居留证模式,改版沿用了近50年的外国人居留证和使用了近20年的临时居留证,以磁卡式与贴纸式替代。是今后居留证体系可行性的改革思路。     

试论邓小平对毛泽东社会保障思想的新发展

无产阶级革命就其本质来说 ,就是要建立人民当家做主、生活富裕有保障的新制度。毛泽东在领导中国人民进行革命和建设的过程中 ,始终注重对社会保障问题的研究 ,确定了社会保障在中国革命和社会主义建设中的地位和作用。邓小平在新的历史条件下 ,发展了毛泽东社会保障的思想 ,并对此做出了一系列的论述。研究毛泽东、邓小平关于社会保障的思想 ,对当代中国社会保障事业的发展具有重要的指导意义。     

全国人大常委会在宪法实施中的创制行为及其界限——以“辽宁贿选案”为例

“辽宁贿选案”发生后,该省人大常委会无法正常开会履职。对此,全国人大常委会决定成立辽宁省十二届人大七次会议筹备组,代行该省人大常委会的部分职权。这被认为是宪法上的创制性安排。全国人大常委会的创制超出了宪法文本,不是宪法解释行为,也不是宪法续造行为,而是宪法建造行为。政治主体在面对宪法僵局时主动实施宪法,建造出民主集中制原则的具体内容和人民代表大会制度的新内涵,有效解决僵局并发展宪法。这并非孤例。全国人大常委会还曾在“总理辞职案”中进行过创制。创制需要符合一定的条件,前提是出现了必须创制的环境、没有可直接适用的宪法规则,方法是按照法定程序作出政治选择,形式是发布决定而非立法。创制具有宪法法律界限和合理性界限。政治主体要选择恰当的宪法原则和制度进行创制,所创制的内容要符合比例原则。创制是全国人大常委会掌握的一种新宪法工具,表明我国宪法实施具有政治主体与宪法互动的特征。     

Shifting forensic science focus from means to purpose: A path forward for the discipline?

Forensic science is facing a persistent crisis that is often addressed by organizational responses, with a strong focus on the improvement and standardisation of means and processes. However, organisations and processes are highly dependent on the political, economical and legal structures in which they operate. This may explain why most proposed solutions had difficulties in addressing the crisis up to now, as they could hardly be applied transversally to all forensic science models. Moreover, new tools and technologies are continuously developed by a quasi-infinite number of different scientific disciplines, thus leading to further diversity and fragmentation of forensic science. In this paper, it is proposed to shift the focus from means to purpose and consider forensic science current challenges in terms of discipline, before addressing organisations’ specific issues. As a distinct discipline, forensic science can refocus research and development on shared principles and purposes, such as reconstructing, monitoring, and preventing crime and security issues. This focus change will facilitate a better understanding of the trace as the object of study of forensic science and eventually lead to a more impactful and long-lasting effect. This approach will also foster the development of a forensic science culture (instead of a primarily technological culture) unified by purpose rather than means through more relevant education and research.     

Transportation Access,Rental Vouchers,and Neighborhood Satisfaction: Evidence From the Moving to Opportunity Experiment

The Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program is designed in part to expand the neighborhood choices of assisted households, thereby enabling assisted households to find a living environment that simultaneously meets their housing and neighborhood preferences. While several studies have examined the impact of rental subsidies on neighborhood satisfaction, few have examined whether access to adequate transportation enables HCV recipients to locate housing in more desirable locations. This article relies on data from the Moving to Opportunity experiment to examine the impact of transportation access, rental housing vouchers, and geographic constraints on neighborhood satisfaction. We find that access to both vehicles and public transit positively influences neighborhood satisfaction, and the influence of vehicle access varies with transit proximity. These findings point to the importance of transportation in helping low-income assisted renter households locate housing in more desirable neighborhoods.     

Can top-down community enterprise development reduce poverty and out-migration? Evidence from Thailand

This article examines the performance of a poverty alleviation policy in Thailand known as the Small and Micro Community Enterprises (SMCEs) programme. It investigates provincial determinants affecting the establishments of the SMCEs and assesses the effects of the programme on household income and out-migration by using panel data analysis and propensity score matching model. The research findings indicated that such enterprises have spread widely. Average household expenditure, the rate of poverty, and agricultural output were significant predictors of SMCE establishments. However, the research did not find any concrete evidence to support the claim that this policy helped reduce poverty or out-migration.     

Collective action in small-scale mushroom production in Swaziland: does organisational form matter?

While substantial literature is available on the determinants of small-scale farmers’ participation in collective action, and the welfare impacts of producing and/or marketing collectively, studies on the likely implications of organisational form on producers’ collective behaviour remain scant. This article attempts to address this knowledge gap by using an example of different forms of small-scale mushroom-producing groups in Swaziland. Given the importance of collective action in sub-Saharan Africa, the overall results of this article provide valuable insights into alternative means of coordinating commercial small-scale agricultural activities, which can improve producers’ ultimate benefits while reducing the likelihood of internal free-riding.     

浅议山东省城市化水平与经济发展

经济增长与城市化水平高度正相关。山东省城市化进程促进了经济的成本节约,减少了劳动力资源的浪费,加大了劳动密集型的制造业的成本领先优势,有利于缩小城乡差距,同时带动了城市周边郊区、农村经济的进一步发展。     

基层派出所的新增效点:警务基础BT模型——以曹杨派出所"社区综合联动机制"为实践样本的思考

上海市公安局普陀分局受网络下载方式的启发,围绕夯实公安基层基础的目标,提出了构建警务基础BT模型的新设想,以"统筹运作、自觉承受、互助共享、实时交互、多点齐动"为要点进行制度设计,并在曹杨派出所进行试点,创建了以"多元化管控、分流化接报、专业化服务"为特点的"社区综合联动机制",在整合社会力量夯实派出所工作基础方面进行了有益探索.可预见,警务基础BT模型在经历"拓展互动范畴、统筹呼应渠道、创新发动手段、发展信息优势、强化市场运作"等方面的升级完善后,必能为基层派出所开辟新的增效空间.     

把落实科学发展观作为公安监管"三基"工程建设的着力点

为了准确界定公安监管基层基础工作的范围和重点,找准基层基础工作的着力点和突破口,公安监管工作要以科学发展观为指导,切实把公安监管基层基础工作的切入点定位于强化民警队伍建设,着力体现以人为本的新理念;切实把公安监管基层基础工作的突破口定位于强化监管基础设施、技术装备和后勤保障建设,着力体现全面发展的新理念;切实把公安监管基层基础工作的基本点定位于强化监管业务规范化建设,着力体现协调、可持续发展的新理念.