评罗莎·卢森堡对苏维埃政权的批评

罗莎·卢森堡高度肯定十月革命,但对新生的苏维埃政权提出了以下六方面的批评:批评苏维埃政权把土地分给农民,从而为以后的社会主义改造设置了障碍;批评苏维埃政权片面地实行民族自决权,从而把刀子送到了敌人的手里;批评苏维埃政权解散立宪会议,从而堵塞了人民群众的积极的政治生活;批评苏维埃政权推行空想的普选权,从而使之成了一种缺乏生命力的临时凑合的"一纸空文";批评苏维埃政权取消出版自由、结社和集会的权利,从而引起公共生活的野蛮化;批评苏维埃政权把民主与专政对立起来,从而远离了社会主义.尽管罗莎·卢森堡差不多是在90多年前提出这些警示性见解的,但是所有这些见解,人们至今读起来还是感到如此具有现实感,并得到深刻的启示.     

评述罗伯斯比尔的法制思想与实践

罗伯斯比尔作为雅各宾派的重要领导人 ,把法国革命推向高潮。与此同时 ,他作为启蒙思想的信徒 ,在革命中彻底批判封建法制 ,建设资产阶级法制。曾领导雅各宾派通过了 1 793年宪法 ,并亲手为其起草了人权宣言 ,建构了人权体系对法院的改革、废除死刑、施行革命恐怖等提出了建议和设想。     

论英美意象派诗歌对中国新诗初期诗体的影响

英美意象派诗歌及自由诗革命对中国新诗初期诗体建设产生了巨大影响。以意象派诗歌为代表的欧美现代诗歌运动促进了中国诗歌的现代化进程;而处于"五四"激进时代的新诗人对意象派诗歌和自由诗革命的误读,特别是对意象派诗歌诗体的自由化和内容的平民化的过度迷恋,导致了新诗的过度自由化、散文化,直接加速了中国的新诗革命,不仅影响了新诗革命的态度、方式和内容,也影响到了新诗草创时诗的形态、体式及初期新诗的文体特征、文体价值,甚至整个新诗历史的诗体建设。     

革命析说

中国历史肇起于政治化的动机和需求,然其救济、平衡之法却在伦理之中。唐虞时代的“禅让”制尝标为政治伦理化之帜,不幸却被夏启的“家天下”中断。如何使“家天下”重归伦理化的良途,实为“三代”强烈的历史情结。《周易》以“革命”为枢,力陈政治伦理的新标准,重张历史、文化、社会、国家、政治伦理化的大旗,以新且体系化意识形态的建构,为“家天下”的伦理化提供了学理解说。故知,中国历史、文化、政治的伦理化,以及所谓“替天行道”、“造反有理”、“革命无罪”、“革故鼎新”、“推陈出新”诸说,当为《周易》之特出。     

Struggles for Citizenship? Peasant Negotiation of Schooling in the Sierra Norte de Puebla,Mexico, 1921–1933

This article identifies four different responses to educational policy in peasant villages. Acceptance, appropriation, resistance and opposition to schools are considered as forms of negotiating the educational contract. Peasants contributed to education through legal and customary practices. In return, they sought to influence the terms of schooling. However limited, such influence was possible because the Mexican state had scarce resources and depended on villagers' support. Taking into account the difficulties of peasants' subordinate position, their struggle over schooling is defined as a defence of autonomy rather than an exercise of citizenship.     

The Second Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945: The Current Status of Research and Publication in the People’s Republic of China,and Prospects and Problems for Foreign Researchers

Zhao Erfeng (1845–1911), the Qing governor-general of Sichuan province in 1911, died immediately after the successful revolutionary uprising in Chengdu. This article examines three biographical narratives of Zhao produced during the 1910s. The three different portraits of Zhao in the biographies—Zhao as racial traitor, loyal martyr, and modernizer—reveal radically different ways in which the Qing–Republican transition was understood in the early Republic. Focused on the two major issues associated with Zhao, the Qing incorporation of the Sino-Tibetan frontier and the railway-protection movement in Sichuan, the following discussion utilizes Zhao's biographies as windows on the unsettled definitions of the 1911 Revolution, revealing how Chinese negotiated the issues of nation, territory, and modernity at the birth of a modern state.     

Velvet Disillusionment: Czech Performing Arts and Twenty-Five Years of Transition, 1989–2014

ABSTRACT

The performing arts sector of the Czech Republic faces significant challenges twenty-five years after the Velvet Revolution, which ushered in swift and dramatic political, social, and economic change. Early policy decisions, subsequent privatization efforts, and neglect, compounded by the country's foray into the muddy waters of the free market, have left artists and administrators seeking solutions and searching for solvency. Empirical research, primarily in the form of surveys, site visits, and interviews with prominent Czech artists and administrators, significantly informs this article, which explores the state of Czech performing arts twenty-five years after the fall of Communism.     

The Environmental Record of the Soviet Union

ABSTRACT

This article rethinks John Holloway’s emancipatory theory by “opening” his key concept of “dignity.” It argues that, while Holloway’s use of this concept works well for emphasising the uniqueness of human beings’ ability to both resist and challenge capitalist social relations, due to its underlying Kantian heritage, it is both excessively restrictive and limits the extent to which he can unlock the full potential of his theory, particularly when considering the development of new ecological sensibilities. To this end, the article explores the possibility of supplanting the concept of dignity with that of “Self-realisation.” While not entirely unproblematic, this concept not only reinforces the uniqueness Holloway associates with human agency but also helps unravel a more substantive virtue-orientated approach consistent with his thought.     

中国刑法现代化的基本走向

中国目前实现了或者说正在实现三大现代化转型,即经济市场化、政治民主化与文明化,社会多元开放,这决定了中国刑法现代化的基本走向是:由结束动乱转向放弃革命,由刑事法制转向刑事法治。1979年刑法是结束“十年动乱”即“无产阶级文化大革命”从而恢复刑事法制的标志性立法成果之一,1997年刑法则删除了“社会主义革命”的表述,预示中国走向刑事法治,中国刑法由此进入人权保障与社会保护协调互动发展的新时代。     

五四新文化运动和五四文学革命

五四爱国运动是在五四新文化运动的催生下爆发的,它同时又扩大深化了五四新文化运动。五四新文化运动是中国的文艺复兴,是一场对民族文化进行批判和创新的运动。五四文学革命则是五四新文化运动的主要内容,其基本精神是思想自由、个性解放,也就是人的解放。