The Role of FDI,Exports and Spillover Effects in the Regional Development of China

The objective of this analysis is to assess the impacts of export expansion, inward FDI, domestic investment and labour on the growth of China's Eastern, Central and Western regions using panel data over the period 1984 to 1998. A major contribution of the study is its tests for the presence of interregional spillover effects. The study indicates that both inward FDI and domestic investment stimulate growth in all three regions and for the PRC as a whole and that export expansion stimulates the growth of the PRC, Eastern and Central China, but not the West. Labour enhances the growth of the more traditional Western region, but not the more capital intensive Eastern seaboard or the PRC in its entirety. Finally, output growth spills over from the East to Western and Central China and from the Central area to Western China. These results are fully explained in the text.     

Programmed to Fail? Development Projects and the Politics of Participation

The Eastern India Rainfed Farming Project is in many respects a model development project. A joint venture of the governments of India and the UK, the EIRFP has been successful in improving farm-based livelihoods in Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal. But the Project might yet be considered a failure. It has not persuaded the poorest villagers in Jharkhand (our study area) to join or manage the self-help groups that are called for by the Project's Logical Framework. We show why this has been the case, and why such an outcome was entirely predictable. Development projects cannot be expected to change local systems of politics or stratification. But this does not mean that the EIRFP is a failure. It means that a development project will be destined to 'fail' when it is judged against unrealistic assumptions about the possibilities and merits of 'participation'.     

The quality of civil society in post-communist Eastern Germany: a case-study of voluntary associations in Leipzig

Quantitative data show the weakness of civil society in the post-communist countries of East-Central Europe by using such indicators as membership in voluntary associations. Building on this data, this research offers an in-depth case-study of voluntary associations in the Eastern German city of Leipzig in order to examine the quality of the existing civil society. Due to structures put in place by the local government to encourage citizen input in policy decisions and widespread democratic participation both before and after the fall of communism, Leipzig presents an interesting case-study in assessing the vibrancy of civil society, and thus democracy, in a post-communist city that appears to embrace ideals of citizen participation. The study, based on data from 23 qualitative interviews with members of citizen associations, local parliamentarians and city officials, explores three main issues that are found in the theoretical literature on associations and civil society: the development of civic competence; the creation of a public sphere; and the relationship between civil society and the state. The qualitative nature of this study offers a more nuanced assessment of civil society in Eastern Germany than the quantitative data allow. I conclude that there are clear deficits but also strengths in the development of civil society.     

中东欧国家政治-行政体制的制度背景

自从苏联解体之后,中东欧国家面临着政治行政体制转型的多样选择。基于新制度主义的理论基础,论文旨在探析中东欧国家政治行政体制的改革背景。论文指出,在新制度主义理论视角下,出于文化和历史对政府结构的影响,中东欧各国家的改革进程、转型路径和制度体系存在着巨大的差异性。在分析了中东欧各国政治行政体制差异的文化根源和因此产生的特殊转型路径,以及各国政治行政体系改革模式之后,论文指出,中东欧国家政治行政体系转型并不存在唯一的最优解决方案,成功的改革模式可以借鉴但不能复制。     

Establishment of 43-plex SNP Typing System and Its Forensic ApplicationCSCD

Objective: To evaluate the application of 43 -plex SNP typing system in forensic science. Methods: The typing of 43 SNP loci in 123 unrelated Han individuals from East China was detected by MALDI-TOF-MS. The application value of 43-plex SNP typing system was assessed according to the forensic parameters of population genetics. Results: All the 43 SNP loci of 123 individuals showed no significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). Excepted rs1355366, rs2270529, rs10776839 and rs938283, there were 39 SNP loci had minor allele frequencies (MAF), which were greater than 0.25. Among the 25 loci MAFs, 24 ranged from 0.4 to 0.5, while 3 were close to 0.4. The DP, CDP, PIC, Ho, PEtrio and PEduo of the 43 SNP loci were 0.290 1-0.654 4, 1-9.8×10-11, 0.170 8-0.500 0, 0.155 7-0.593 5, 0.085 4-0.250 0 and 0.014 6-0.125 0, respectively. The CPEtrio and CPEduo were 0.999 986 and 0.992 436 1, respectively. Conclusion: The 43-plex SNP typing system in present study shows a high polymorphism, which can be an effective supplement and verification for traditional STR genetic markers. It also can be used with other commercial kits for the forensic paternity testing and individual identification. © 2018 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

Forensic Application of SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID System in Han Population of Eastern ChinaCSCD

Objective: To investigate the genetic polymorphism of 21 autosomal STR loci and DYS391 locus of SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID system in Han population of eastern China and to evaluate its application value in forensic science. Methods: Typing test of 2 000 unrelated individuals was performed using SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID system. The population genetic parameters of STR loci were statistically analysed. A total of 3 198 parentage confirmed cases were detected with that system and the mutation conditions were observed in 21 autosomal STR loci. Results: All the 21 autosomal STR loci showed no significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). The Ho ranged from 0.617 5 to 0.927 0. The DP ranged from 0.796 4 to 0.986 9, as well as the PIC distributed from 0.561 1 to 0.912 3. The CDP was 0.999 999 999 999 999. The CPEduo was 0.999 997 431 701 961, while CPEtrio was 0.999 999 999 654 865. Five alleles were detected in DYS391 locus, with the allele frequency from 0.004 0 to 0.729 0, and GD was 0.418 9. Except D13S317 and D10S1248, seventy-six mutation events were observed at the rest nineteen autosomal STR loci. Among them, seventy-five (98.68%) were one step mutation, and only one (1.32%) was three steps mutation. The mutation rate ranged from 0.246 5×10-3 to 2.711 4×10-3, and the averaged mutation rate was 0.892 1×10-3 (95% CI: 0.70×10-3-1.10×10-3). In 33 trio mutation cases, the proportion of the paternal mutation and the maternal mutation was 2.09 :1. Conclusion: The involved STRs are highly polymorphic in Eastern Han population with acceptable mutation rates by the SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID system, which is suitable for paternity testing and individual identification. © 2018 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

GENERAL STRAIN THEORY: ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE USING CROSS‐CULTURAL DATA*

Data from random samples of residents in major cities of Russia, Ukraine, and Greece are employed to test hypotheses about linkages among objective strain, subjective strain, anger, and criminal probability specified in general strain theory (GST). In addition, the potential conditioning effects of religiosity and self‐control on the strain/criminal probability relationship are investigated. Results show more challenge than support for GST. In particular, all supportive results are for the Ukrainian sample with the Greek and Russian samples providing little confirmation to the study's hypotheses. Although analyses show some support for the basic premises of GST, using a measure of subjective strain does not improve results, and self‐control and religiosity do not seem to condition the effects of strain on criminal probability. Overall, the findings point to contextual specificity of GST as currently formulated and suggest the need for further theorizing.     

中俄两国边境区域合作开发战略对接论证

中俄两国领导人面向未来已经达成边境区域合作开发共识,决定实现跨国战略对接,推动中国东北地区与俄罗斯远东及东西伯利亚地区之间合作关系,胡锦涛主席与梅德韦杰夫总统在2009年9月会晤中确认了这一重大战略导向,并以习近平副主席2010年3月访俄为标志进入了《合作规划纲要》的实施阶段。为此,必须明确认定中国东北地区与俄罗斯远东及东西伯利亚地区间实现跨国战略对接的现实价值,注重发挥跨国战略对接的综合优势,认真评估跨国战略对接的制约因素,进而正确做出跨国战略对接的对策创意。具体地说,中俄两国只有合作加快边境区域基础设施建设,努力扩大两国之间的相互投资力度,协调实现贸易规范化和科技产业化,通过优化人才储备来发挥市场优势,注重加强各种形式的人文情感交流,特别是中国应当下工夫创建进入俄罗斯市场的知名品牌,才能推进中国东北地区与俄罗斯远东及东西伯利亚地区间实现跨国战略对接,才能创建中俄两国边境区域经济合作开发振兴带,为东北亚区域合作开发提供一个跨国战略对接范例。     

全球金融危机下东亚货币金融合作的路径选择

当前的"美元体制"在今后相当长时期内具有可持续性.正是在布雷顿森林体制和"美元体制"下,东亚各经济体的工业化和经济发展取得了巨大成功,成为"美元体制"的主要受益者和支撑者,也自然成为全球金融危机的主要受害者.现阶段的东亚货币金融合作巴经取得了一定进展,但东亚各经济体尚不具备推进国际货币体系改革的能力;同时,东亚货币金融合作应改变应对危机的实用主义哲学,以促进区域经济的持续、稳定增长为目标进行更加长远的路径设计,在区域整体层面和局部层面两个层次上加快货币金融合作的深化发展.在此过程中,人民币国际化战略的实施将使中国在区域货币金融合作中占据较为有利的地位,但其能否成功一方面取决于中国经济结构能否进行顺利的调整,使中国成为能够替代美国的区域内最终产品市场的提供者,另一方面也取决于中日两国能否比较顺利地开展汇率政策的协调与合作.东亚地区复杂的历史、文化、政治和社会背景等因素,决定了该地区难以出现"一家独大"式的货币合作模式.因此,中日两目的协调与合作在很大程度上决定着东亚货币金融合作的未来.     

近代东亚三国西学成因及其比较

对东西文化关系问题上的不同立场而衍生出来的近代文化融合体,亦称近代东亚三国西学。其主流文化融合体在中国表现为“中体西用”;而在朝鲜与日本分别表现为“东道西器”和“和魂洋才”。近代三国西学形成,虽说在形式上存在着诸多相似之处,但因三国社会历史条件等诸多因素的差异,使得近代东亚三国西学又在内容上呈现出很多不同的特点。这主要体现在三国近代形成的文化融合体中的西学份量及其对传统的反思。