以兼容性激励机制促进环境与经济协调发展——以山西省为例

生态危机日益严重的今天,如何协调环境保护与经济发展这对天生的矛盾是人类社会面临的一大难题。如何推动地方政府和企业采取兼顾环境和经济的行为选择是这一难题在现实中的体现。本文从制度理论出发,提出理解中国环境与经济协调发展的兼容性激励机制。主要选择山西省在环境治理新政的典型案例对兼容性激励机制在协调环境与经济方面的作用进行验证。结果表明:只要设计了恰当的制度,形成相融合的激励机制,环境保护和经济发展并不矛盾,可以协调发展。山西的经验虽只来自一个地方,其所针对的问题却是普遍的,因而对于其他地方环境治理的政策选择具有借鉴意义。对单一案例进行深度剖析,完整地分析兼容性激励机制的作用过程和结果是本文的特色,但这可能会对外部效度产生影响。     

《资本论》与当代经济危机

《资本论》是马克思的一部经典著作,其中的经济危机理论也是资本主义社会的重要经济规律之一。《资本论》中经济危机理论对于经济危机的直接诱因、周期性规律、理论本质、产生根源等的深刻分析和科学论断,以及对于此次国际金融危机的解释,对于我们现时代如何认识和应对金融危机有着重要的理论和现实意义。     

我国未来民法典的结构

民法典的编纂引起了学者和立法者们的广泛关注,学者们在其结构设计上更是倾注了大量的心血和笔墨.在尊重现有学说的基础上,重整既有法律,进行不同程度的吸收和改造,是我国未来民法典制定过程中可以采用的方法.我国未来民法典应当在“总——分”结构的总体框架下,坚持“先人后物”的立场,以权利为主线,结合既有立法和学说观点进行结构设计和内容编排,形成六编制的框架体系.     

The integration hypothesis: How the European Union shapes economic voting

Whereas economic perceptions influence the national vote in Western European countries, globalization, or international openness, conditions the influence of economic perceptions on that national vote. But how do attitudes toward the EU itself influence the economic vote? After establishing the presence of a national economic vote in Southern Europe (Spain, Italy, Greece and Portugal) we test the hypothesis that heightened perception of European Union economic responsibility reduces the magnitude of the national economic vote coefficient. These tests are carried out on current (2009) survey data, via logistic regression analysis of fully specified voting behavior models, estimated country-by-country and in a data pool. Clearly, the national economic vote diminishes, to the extent the EU is held responsible for the economy.     

Economic voting in Portugal, 2002–2009

This article tests the economic voting hypothesis in Portugal during the three most recent first-order elections (2002, 2005, 2009), trying to make sense of the multiplicity of choices in the Portuguese party system. We observed that positive sociotropic perceptions increase the probability to vote for the incumbent, even when we control for long-term factors of vote choice; egotropic effects are weaker. Negative economic perceptions not only lead to a higher probability to vote for the major opposition party, but, in some cases, increase the probabilities to vote for small parties or to refrain from voting. Sociotropic effects are actually quite constant in this timeframe, but their strength to explain the vote is lower than that of ideology and (before 2009) religiosity.     

Economic crisis and elections: The European periphery

This paper introduces the articles in the symposium which address the issue of democratic accountability and economic voting in polities on the European periphery. The economic crisis that hit the world economy in 2008 has severely challenged the capacity of governments to steer the national economy and has had a strong impact on their electoral support. The papers discuss whether economic voting and democratic accountability are increasing or, on the other hand, they could be depressed by globalisation and by shifts of ruling competence from the national to the supranational European arena.     

中朝经济关系的现状与前景

中国对外开展经贸合作的方针是始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放战略和"睦邻、安邻、富邻"的周边政策。应当积极支持中国企业"走出去"与朝鲜企业开展互利共赢合作,在世界金融危机到来期间,中国国内民营经济也受到一定冲击,中国一些以出口加工为主业的民营企业纷纷歇业、转产,民间出现大量游资.很多民营企业家将目光瞄向了朝鲜——这块未开发的处女地。利用2009年"中朝友好年"的良机,促进两国经济关系的合作,既符合两国人民的利益,也有利于东北亚和平稳定局面的形成。     

经济法部门形成的一般规律

任何法律部门的形成,都需要主客观两方面的条件,缺一不可。经济法部门也不例外,它是在生产力和生产关系的矛盾运动中,在市场调节和国家调节的协同作用下形成的。主流经济法学说的确立构成了经济法部门形成的主观条件。经济法部门的形成亦符合法和法学螺旋式上升、波浪式前进的自身发展规律。     

我国行政执法不严现象的经济分析

行政执法不严是行政执法主体“经济人”特性的表现:边际成本小于边际收益是行政执法不严的直接动因,“寻租”是行政执法不严的外在推动力,“激励”的贫乏是执法不严的内在驱动力,自由裁量权在一定程度上为行政执法人员与行政相对人之间的非法“博弈”提供了空间。     

论作为非国家机构的政府

作为非国家机构的政府是同人类社会与生俱来并共始终的。在整个阶级、国家社会,国家机构的政府与非国家机构的政府也是并存互动消长的。这种并存互动的消长过程同政治、政府体系、非政府组织、第三部门等问题既相关联又相区别。探讨非国家机构的政府问题,有利于处理好党政关系,推进中国特色的政府治理和政治发展。