Mapping the effects of Brexit on legal education in Wales: proposals for addressing students’ concerns

ABSTRACT

Whilst the future for UK–EU relations remains to be realised, Brexit will have consequences for legal education. However, to date, neither the UK nor Welsh Governments have sufficiently addressed what those consequences will be for higher education. This paper, which documents the results of 336 student questionnaires received from law students surveyed from every law school in Wales, evidences that learners have already started to decide what they believe Brexit means for them. Amongst the numerous challenges for Welsh law schools is the opinion of current students that Brexit makes Wales a less attractive place for overseas students and lecturers, both EU and other internationals, to study and work. Meanwhile UK students studying in Wales are questioning the relevance of EU law modules, and are viewing aspirational careers within EU institutions as now being “closed doors”. By drawing upon our findings, as well as comparisons with other EU Member States, this paper proposes six areas where urgent collaboration between governments and universities is needed. Failing to address the concerns identified by this research has the potential to further threaten the internationalised education model that UK students benefit from by studying law at Welsh universities.     

Two-dimensional metric comparison between dynamic bare and sock-clad footprints for its forensic implications – A pilot study

Footprints may be present at crime scenes as physical evidence. This pilot study compares two-dimensional measurements of bare and sock-clad footprints to determine if significant differences or similarities exist. Dynamic footprints were collected from 30 males and 20 females between the ages of 20 and 61?years old (mean of 28.2?years) using the Identicator Inkless Shoe Print Model LE 25P system. A midgait protocol was employed for obtaining footprints. The fifth and sixth footprint of gait were collected for the right and left foot, respectively, in both sock-clad and barefoot trials. The footprint measurements between sock-clad and bare footprints were compared. The results did not indicate any significant difference (p?>?.05) between bare and sock-clad foot length measurements for right or left feet. Significant differences were seen for the width measurements between bare and sock-clad footprints. These findings have forensic implications, particularly in criminal cases where it is unclear if a footprint impression is from a sock-clad foot or a bare foot. This study shows that such a determination is generally not necessary when utilizing two-dimensional measurements for length comparison between a bare and sock-clad footprint. However, if width measurements are being evaluated, the distinction between bare and sock-clad footprints should be considered.     

An analysis of science–industry collaborative patterns in a large European University

Our paper analyses the modalities according to which a large European university collaborates with firms by exploring its relational portfolio. We address this issue by exploiting a database that lists more than 1,000 firms having collaborated with the University Louis Pasteur (ULP) between 1990 and 2002. We first observe the relative importance of four collaborative channels (private contracts, European contracts, co-publications, co-inventions) across the whole population of firms. Second, using a multi-correspondence analysis, we derive a typology of collaborative patterns which underline the discriminating features of the frequency of interactions, of the exclusive versus open character of the relationships and of the nature of the collaborative channels. Four coherent classes emerge from particular combinations of these relational characteristics. Finally, using multinomial logit estimation, we show how this diversity of partnerships is connected to some individual attributes of the firms: size, status, sector and location.

我国刑事诉讼中意见证据规则适用的实证分析

实证研究表明,我国法官在刑事诉讼中运用意见证据时存在标准不统一的问题。其主要原因在于,刑事诉讼法针对意见证据采用的“原则＋例外”的体例,使得例外的表述过于笼统。通过实证分析,并借鉴域外意见证据规则的规定,本文主张,只有建立在亲历感知基础上所作出的推断、评论或者猜测,才有可能被采纳为证据使用。因此,应当进一步完善我国现有的刑事意见证据规则。     

科技术语和行业语词义的泛化

借用具有固定涵义的科技术语和行业语进入普通语词,是词汇丰富化的一条重要途径,其中通过词义泛化获得的非专业语义的新义是新词语中品位较高的部分。本文从科技术语和行业语词义泛化的原因、途径、方式、效果及前景等方面予以阐析     

论五四运动的深刻内涵及新时代意蕴

五四运动是中华民族历史上的一次伟大变革。五四运动具有解放思想,革新进取的精神因子,展现了人民群众的磅礴力量,促进了马克思主义在中国的传播和发展。弘扬五四运动的时代精神,新时代要更加坚持和发展马克思主义,始终树立以人民为中心的思想理念,解放思想,实事求是,把新时代中国特色社会主义的伟大事业向纵深推进,进而实现中华民族的伟大复兴。     

“程序公正感受”研究及其启示

从 #" 世纪 ’" 年代开始,西方学者对程序公正的研究从伦理哲学分析转向社会心理学分析,试图揭示程序公正的心理规律。研究发现：程序公正的要素并没有绝对标准,具有一定的情境敏感性;不过,程序公正在促进人们接受法律、法律决定和从事积极行为等方面具有比结果公正更为重要的地位,这种现象甚至具有跨越文化、种族、性别的普遍性。为了对此进行解释,西方学者提出了发言权理论、团体价值理论、人际关系理论和公正启发理论等模式,各自都具有一定的解释力。不过,程序公正也有可能成为社会权威转移真实矛盾“欺骗”社会成员的统治策略。对于转型期的我国,程序公正感受研究带给我们的不是其具体的结论,而是告诉我们,研究公正问题时,应当抛开宏大话语,努力探寻中国人心目中的公正观。     

从回归分析看中国股票市场中的资本资产定价模型

研究资本资产定价模型对分析中国证券市场投资组合的作用和意义。采用回归分析的方法,进行中国证券市场的抽样实证分析,说明通过统计分析的方法,可以选择相对合适的市场组合收益率,提高资产估值和资产配置的准确性。并对我国资本市场应用资本资产定价模型（CAPM）的有效性和及其障碍进行分析。     

警察职业价值观对廉洁自律能力影响的实证研究

为完善警察职业价值观体系,增强警察廉洁自律的能力,选取武汉市公安局部分在职民警为样本,利用警察职业认同感半结构化问卷、职业价值观问卷(WVI)和警察廉洁自律能力自评问卷进行调查,采用SPSS 22.0统计软件对所收集的数据进行整理和分析。通过警察职业价值观及其对廉洁自律能力影响的实证调查和分析,发现了职业价值观中的利他主义价值尺度对警察廉洁自律能力有影响。建议建构职业教育学习体系,重视人民警察核心价值培养,完善公安监督约束机制。     

基于经验法则的法律论证

我国法官的裁判文书说理欲实现规范化,必须重视法律论证,为每个主张与判断提供充分的理由。最高人民法院的指导意见表明经验法则是法官进行法律论证的重要理由。经验法则作为一种实践描述能够推动法律论证填补规范缝隙。在事实认定的论证环节,经验法则既是证明规则与证据规则的形成背景,更是事实推定的直接依据。只有妥善把握经验法则的盖然性,才能规避逆谬误与后见偏差等认知陷阱,合理借助经验法则论证三段论中的小前提。在法律适用的论证环节,经验法则是类比过程中相似点与规范效果之间相关性的判断依据。法官可以借助经验法则论证立法理由与事物本质,进而根据法律目的判断相似点的相关性。基于经验法则的法律论证既能回应当下释法说理的需求,也是法律论证理论扎根中国司法土壤的尝试。