关于经济学方法论中实证规范二分法的批判——基于马克思主义理论视角

西方经济学方法论中广泛流行着实证分析和规范分析二分的做法,这种二分实际上是一种二元论。当前二分法已经发展到“实证分析和规范分析相结合”的阶段。但这种结合是机械的、形式上的,是以割裂为前提的。二分法的哲学实质是本体论和认识论的二元论。它一方面是经验主义的唯物主义,一方面是历史唯心主义。同时,二分法在实践应用中导致了两个困境和三个危险推论。不破除哲学二元论就不可能破除方法论的二分,也不可能从根本上破除实证和规范的对立,在经济研究中把二者真正结合起来。马克思主义作为辩证的、彻底的唯物主义,恰恰为弥合二元论造成的方法论的裂痕提供了解决方案。因此,经济学研究要以马克思辩证唯物主义的方法论为基础,摒弃实证规范二分法,建立科学的经济学。     

Child Protection Law as an Independent Variable

Child protection professionals work in a multidisciplinary system in which the law and the family court play central roles and which collects an increasing amount of data. Yet we know little about what impact the law has on whether a child is removed by child protective services, is deemed neglected by a family court, or reunifies with a parent. Do state‐to‐state variations in child protection laws, or changes by individual states to their laws, lead to different outcomes for children and families? The dramatic variations in child welfare practice from one state to another suggest that legal variations do matter. Yet empirical research on these questions is scarce both because we collect too little data to measure all such issues, and, because we have failed to study the data we do have. This article is a plea for researchers to rectify that problem and for policymakers to improve data collection. Doing so would facilitate a more clear understanding of the law's effect on child protection outcomes and aid policymakers and advocates in identifying both promising and problematic practices and legal reforms.     

经验哲学之兴衰与中国判例法的命运

通过对判例法与经验哲学之必然逻辑关联关系的一般原理的探讨 ,以个案形式分析了中国古代经验哲学之兴衰与判例法命运的关系 ,认为中国古代既是一个经验哲学占主导地位的国家 ,同时也是一个有着相当发达的判例法的国家。经验哲学之主导地位与判例法之发达间具有必然的逻辑关联。然而 ,近代以来 ,由于国运的衰弱 ,在人们寻求“根本性”解决方案的时候 ,抓到了来自德国的思辨哲学 ,却丢弃了自己曾占主导地位的经验哲学。由此 ,也导致了中国判例法命运的多舛。如果要在未来的时日中把复兴判例法作为中国制度创新的重要因素 ,就宜同时在中国重建经验哲学     

Appropriating Nature in Crisis-ridden Greece: The Rationale of Capitalist Restructuring,Part 1

The ongoing crisis in Greece constitutes an emblematic case of repressive capitalist restructuring. In this first part of a two-paper series, we argue that public debt is used as a vehicle for furthering the neoliberal transformation of Greek society with serious implications for the appropriation of nature. We present theoretical considerations about nature in capitalism, the rationale of neoliberal capitalist restructuring, as well as the relation between nature and neoliberalism. We finally present the timeline of the Greek crisis, as well as how the three structural adjustment programs wrought a severe capitalist restructuring upon Greece.     

政府行为对企业技术创新风险影响路径

采用实证方法研究了政府行为对企业技术创新风险的影响路径问题。以某高新技术开发区为实证对象验证结构方程模型,检验调查问卷结构效度及量表数据信度,应用多种拟合优度指标评价模型并计算相关参数。结果表明:政府强化知识产权保护会降低企业政治及市场环境风险,政府采购及市场扶持会降低企业市场环境风险,财税及融资支持会降低企业经济环境风险,加强软硬件环境建设会降低企业软硬件条件及人文环境风险;而企业市场环境及经济环境风险的降低会导致技术创新项目需求风险的下降,技术创新项目需求风险及企业政治环境风险的降低会导致技术创新立项决策风险的减轻,企业人文环境风险的降低会导致企业员工能力风险的下降,企业员工能力风险的下降则会导致企业管理水平风险的减轻。     

Politician hate speech and domestic terrorism

ABSTRACT

Does hate speech – rhetoric that targets, vilifies or is intended to intimidate minorities and other groups in society – fuel domestic terrorism? This question is, unfortunately, relevant given the convergence of the use of hate speech by political figures and domestic terrorist incidents in a variety of countries, including the United States. In this study I theorize that hate speech by politicians deepens political polarization and that this, in turn, produces conditions under which domestic terrorism increases. I test this proposition using terrorism and hate speech data for 135 to 163 countries for the period 2000 to 2017. I produce two findings. First, hate speech by political figures boosts domestic terrorism. Second, the impact of political hate speech on domestic terrorism is mediated through increased political polarization.     

青少年的科学素质发展状况实证分析

连续四年,在三项大型连续调查的基础上,本研究分析了青少年的科学素质发展现状,主要包括以下六个方面的内容:(1)不同群体对青少年科学素质的评价;(2)青少年对科学精神与科学行为的自我评价;(3)不同群体对青少年动手实践能力的评价(4)青少年时科学相关问题的态度(5)青少年对科学常识的了解程度(6)青少年对迷信的态度。     

法律职业伦理现状及其培育——以实证调研数据为基础

通过对法律职业共同体成员的约束和引导,法律职业伦理能够促进共同体成员的自律,有利于提高其道德水平和综合素质,有利于腐败遏制和公正司法,对于法治建设具有重要意义。调研显示,法律职业群体,尤其是律师遵守职业伦理状况不容乐观。实践中存在律师乱收费、虚假承诺、虚假宣传,公检法人员办理人情案现象等;这些行为对法律职业群体的形象产生影响。通过加强法律职业伦理教育、对法律职业群体进行职业伦理培训、引导等方式加强法律职业伦理的培育,能够促进法律人的职业化和法治建设。     

Empirical testing of estimated DNA frequencies

Direct empirical testing of forensic DNA micro-probabilities has proved difficult. Substantial support for the population genetic models on which these micro-probabilities are based has come from powerful but indirect means. However for many people empirical testing rather than models remains the ideal.Following the example set by Weir and Evett we report here a large-scale empirical test of a population genetic model incorporating substructure and relatedness. Given that all models represent simplifications of reality the fit of observed and prediction is remarkable and gives substantial support to the reliability of current methods.     

The two Koreas’ societies reflected in stamps

The stamp is “an arena for conveying every possible kind of message through pictures”. Since stamp motives are not chosen arbitrarily, this study considers what stamps issued by North and South Korea since their foundation in 1948 tell about these states. Firstly, the number of stamps made by each state from 1948 until 2002 is investigated. This time is divided into ten-year periods. Conclusions are drawn from the number of stamps made. Secondly, the motives are investigated in detail. Eight motives—commemoratives, history, famous persons, culture, politics, economics, nature and miscellaneous are identified. Quantitative data on the motives are presented in tables that are followed by facts about the issues. Thirdly, the main findings are presented on a general level and under the motives identified. Implications of the motives on North and South Korean stamps are discussed and similarities and differences are highlighted.