国际非传统安全领域中的日本公共外交

冷战结束后,与人类共同利益密切相连的国际非传统安全领域日益受到各国的关注。公共外交以政府主导、面向公众、公开性、真实性为主要特征,以塑造国家形象为最终目标,在非传统安全领域有广泛的施展空间。日本作为二战战败国,实现政治大国的手段有很大的局限性,因此,它通过公共外交在非传统安全领域投入了巨大的人力、物力、财力,在国际社会上树立了良好的国家形象。但其传统外交的制约及外交政策的功利性也使日本公共外交失色不少。日本公共外交的成功与不足之处,对我国的指导意义是:建立中国特色的公共外交体系,采取多样化的手段、有针对性地开展公共外交。     

20世纪中俄民间组织的合作与中俄关系

本文探讨了20世纪中俄民间组织合作的历史、合作规模、合作模式以及对中俄关系发展的影响.考察了20世纪初旅俄华侨组织的维权活动,20-40年代哈尔滨、上海等地俄侨的文化教育活动,民国时期诸种苏联研究会的研究宣传活动,新中国时期中苏友协对苏联全方位的宣传活动,改革开放以后中、俄民间组织在两国经贸、文化、教育、学术等诸多领域的活动.认为,20世纪中俄民间组织合作大体上有"民间组织合作"和"民间组织+官方"两种基本的合作模式.就合作规模而言,世纪初可谓涓涓细流,50年代掀起大潮,60年代跌入低谷,90年代以后呈现多领域、多层次稳定合作的发展态势.20世纪中俄民间合作内容异彩纷呈,成为两国关系的重要补充--在政治领域,发动群众实施国家大政方针,延长了国家的手臂;在经贸领域,依靠民间力量排除一些国家暂无力顾及的障碍因素,成为国家的帮手;在文化、科学、教育等领域,利用民间组织决策及活动灵活的优点,成为两国交往穿针引线的巧手.20世纪中俄民间组织合作已经成为两国国家间关系发展的重要组成部分,中俄民间组织合作潜力巨大,可以大有作为.     

安藤昌益的环境思想及其哲学基础

安藤昌益的环境思想主要包括:自然和人的关系是"大天地"与"小天地"的对应关系;自然和人的活动是一个和谐的循环系统;天灾是人灾;反对滥施开发矿产等内容。核心问题是人与自然的和谐。"自然"是包括天地、万物、人类在内的总体,它们遵循同一规律运动着。昌益环境思想的哲学基础是他的"活真"论;"进退""互性"矛盾运动;"五行四行"说;"天地"(宇宙)论;"通横逆"论等具有独特内容的自然哲学。     

Bridging social and environmental risks: the potential for an emerging environmental justice framework in South Africa

Whereas anti-apartheid social movements engaged collectively against a repressive regime, especially in actions against social injustices, post-apartheid civil society has witnessed fragmentation when it comes to engaging jointly against neoliberal risks such as poor/no service delivery, privatisation, and environmental pollution. Civil society has not linked struggles into a coherent ideology to comprehensively challenge neoliberalism and associated risks. Research has not explored the underlying elements that contribute to reinforcing fragmentation. This article reviews the literature on key social and environmental struggles in order to draw out common elements and differences that reinforce fragmentation. The paper highlights the need for social and environmental activists to engage collectively both within their respective arenas, as well as across the social and environmental divide, if an environmental justice framework is to emerge. Social movements advocating social justice could serve as a platform to incorporate environmental discourses into their struggle to assist in formulating an environmental justice framework.     

Martin Wight's Thought on Diplomacy

Martin Wight was a founding member and one of the most influential thinkers of the 'English School' of International Relations. His thought on diplomacy is at the heart of his international theory. He portrays diplomacy as a defining activity of international relations; it marks the international sphere. His diplomatic thought is shaped by, more than anything else, a traditional Christian outlook that can be characterized as Augustian. Unless one comprehends that religious disposition of Martin Wight's thought one will not properly understand it.     

Industrialists hand in hand with environmentalists: how eco-labeling schemes can help firms to raise rivals’ costs

Industrialists may promote eco-labeling schemes in order to gain the support of environmentalists and ultimately gain market protection. Beyond the environmental effects of such coalitions, these schemes can provide industrialists a legitimate way to disadvantage rivals, frequently foreign rivals, by raising their costs. We consider a Stackelberg model that determines the conditions under which a domestic firm has incentive to impose an eco-label in order to raise the costs of its foreign rivals. The effects of eco-labeling on domestic social welfare are ambiguous. Policy recommendations are drawn. Notably, factors that may help policy makers to identify situations more vulnerable to undesirable outcomes from a welfare viewpoint are developed.      

美国妨害法在环境侵权救济中的运用和发展

环境侵权救济 ,特别是环境侵害的排除 ,关涉受害人保护和产业发展的平衡。从美国传统妨害法在环境侵权救济中的运用和发展来分析 ,其维护环境正义与经济发展双重目标的有关理论和制度值得我国环境立法和环境司法实践参考和借鉴。     

环境公益诉讼制度实现途径探讨

现代社会环境问题日益严重,侵害环境公益的现象时有发生,但我国相关法律还不健全,很多环境损害问题无法寻求法律救济,在一定程度上影响人类社会与经济的可持续发展,因此有必要借鉴各先进国家的环境公益制度,建立健全我国的环境公益诉讼制度。     

从美国的环境执法看非强制行政

在环境执法领域,美国行政机关充分运用市场机制等经济协调手段、金融手段以及行政奖励诱导和鼓励投资者遵守环境法规,并通过信息公开加强执法者与管理者的交流、沟通,促进、鼓励公众参与环境立法和执法,这种非强制行政执法模式取得了良好成效。美国的非强制行政理论与模式对于我国建立以人为本的行政执法机制、促进法律运行的现代化有重要借鉴意义。