Comparative Implementation Research: Directions and Dualities

Abstract

The study of policy implementation developed steadily and considerably in the 1970s and 1980s through two generations of research. Since then progress towards a more rigorous scientific “third generation research paradigm”, assumed to be crucial for further theoretical development, has been much slower and more uneven. Comparative studies figure prominently in this respect. On one hand they are strongly encouraged but on the other they are difficult to conduct according to best practice advice in the textbooks. Comparative implementation research is the theme of this special issue. In this Introduction the articles included are presented, focusing on how they deal with some of the issues posed by the norms of a rigorous “third generation” approach. Reasons for the state of affairs in implementation research are discussed. Some inherent dualities and tensions in contemporary comparative implementation research are identified as particular challenges.     

Theory and the scientific basis for forensic anthropology

Forensic anthropology has long been criticized for its lack of a strong theoretical and scientific foundation. This paper addresses this problem by examining the role of theory in forensic anthropology at different hierarchical levels (high-level, middle-range, and low-level) and the relevance of various theoretical concepts (taphonomic, agency, behavioral archaeology, nonlinear systems, and methodological theories) to the interpretation of forensic contexts. Application of these theories to a case study involving the search for the WWII Goettge Patrol illustrates the explanatory power these theories offer to the interpretation of forensic events as the end product of an often complex set of environmental constraints and behavioral interactions and choices. It also emphasizes the importance of case studies in theory building and hypothesis testing. A theoretical foundation does indeed currently exist in forensic anthropology; however, a recognition and broader implementation of anthropological (archaeological) theory is warranted and will further define forensic anthropology as a scientific endeavor.     

网络道德信息素养：青少年道德学习的现实需要

提升当代青少年道德能力,在道德教育方式上急需实现由教育者强制性道德教育向青少年自主性道德学习的转型。现代社会,虚拟网络情境正在成为青少年道德学习的“第二空间”,面对纷繁复杂的网络道德信息,培养青少年对道德信息内容的真伪判断能力、锻炼青少年对道德信息评价的辩证思维方法、引导青少年树立文明健康的网络娱乐生活方式,已成为促进青少年道德学习的现实需要。     

女性学的学科地位及其发展

新世纪以来,学科分化和学科整合的频率加快,范围扩大,层次加深。面对21世纪的女性学研究,有必要提倡＂格物致用＂的哲学思想,通过跨学科比较的视角,促进应用学科的发展。因此从学科渊源、学科定位、学科特性与理论发展三个层面入手,可以比较女性学与女性主义的异同,凸显中国语境中女性学研究当前所面临的一些问题,这有利于提高女性工作者的理论素养,了解学科前沿问题,培养创新意识,促进女性发展。     

Teaching Obama: history,critical race theory and social work education

ABSTRACT

Barack Obama's first autobiography, Dreams from My Father (1995), explores themes of race and identity up to the late 1980s in the life of the first African American president. The book emphasizes Obama's personal struggle as the son of an interracial couple, and the social and environmental context that shaped his growth and transformation. Using the tools of critical race theory, Freeman illustrates how Obama's autobiography can be used in the classroom to explore an individual's developing racial consciousness in the 1970s and 1980s, and as a prism through which students can understand what it means to live in the post-civil-rights-movement era. Obama's life history illuminates how the ideas and meanings of racial progress in the United States are contested and struggled over on a daily basis at both the micro and macro level.     

记录历史·交流信息·传播理念——对《妇女研究论丛》学术会议综述的评述

借《妇女研究论丛》创刊20周年之机,对其中的学术会议综述进行回顾与检视,不仅是学术刊物自身发展的需要,也是妇女研究和妇女发展的需要。透过百余篇会议综述,所看到的不仅是妇女研讨活动的历史记录,而且是中国社会发展的历史记录;同时,综述中国妇女研究会会刊的一个特色版块,在妇女研究信息交流、性别平等理念传播等方面也发挥了积极的作用。     

关于蝴蝶鉴定与相关法律的研究

蝴蝶是我国珍稀的物种资源．其标本色彩艳丽、图案奇异，观赏和收藏价值很高。目前．国内有一些不法分子通过走私和网上销售等手段，将我国濒危、珍稀的蝴蝶物种高价倒卖到境外。牟取暴利．这应引起我国政府的高度关注。     

孙复《春秋》学思想探源

北宋的孙复是庆历前后著名的《春秋》学者，所著《春秋尊王发微》具有浓重的尊王攘夷倾向。细绎之，《春秋尊王发微》在基本观点、尊王倾向，尤其是以日月时例解经等方面都与《毂梁传》有明显的继承关系。从这个角度讲，孙复丰富和发展了《毂梁传》的思想，对《毂梁传》的传承起到了重要作用。     

中德侦查制度比较研究

中德两国的侦查制度各有特点中国侦查机关的单一系统有利于侦查部门的协作配合,侦查效率高,德国侦查机关的两个系统侦查权限不明,侦查效率低;德国侦查程序中的被害人有权强迫检察官起诉,有利于保护被害人的权利,中国侦查程序规定被害人有权申诉,给予被害人的权利比德国小;德国侦查强制措施限制的范围广,注重的是使公民权利在国家权力的强制性措施和非强制性措施面前都能得到有效保护,中国的强制措施只限于对公民人身权利的限制,注重的是运用措施收集证据;德国的非法证据限制排除原则,有利于保护国家利益,中国对非法证据的法律效力问题未作规定,容易导致司法部门各行其是;德国的强制证人作证制度,有利于侦查活动的顺利进行,中国不能强制证人作证,既浪费人力、物力,又不利于侦查.比较中德侦查制度的异同,吸收、借鉴德国的有益经验,有利于完善我国的侦查制度.     

Ex-offender employment programs and recidivism: A meta-analysis

One consequence of the tremendous growth in the number of persons under supervision of the criminal justice system, whether incarcerated, on parole, or on probation, is the effect of this criminal history on finding and keeping a job. Ex-offenders, especially those recently released from prison, face substantial barriers to many types of legal employment; nonetheless, stable employment is one of the best predictors of post-release success. Thus, policy-makers concerned about high recidivism rates face an obvious need to improve the employment prospects of ex-offenders. Over the last 25 years, many programs that were designed to increase employment (and, by so doing, reduce recidivism) among ex-offenders have been implemented and evaluated. [Wilson, D. B., Gallagher, C. A., Coggeshall, M. B. & MacKenzie, D. L. (1999). Corrections Management Quarterly 3(4), 8–18; Wilson, D. B., Gallagher, C. A. & MacKenzie, D. L. (2000). Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 37(4), 347–368] conducted a quantitative synthesis and meta-analysis of 33 evaluations of educational, vocational, and work programs for persons in correctional facilities. To date, however, the evaluation literature on employment programs for those with a criminal record who are not in custody has not been systematically reviewed. This paper presents the results of a quantitative meta-analysis of eight random assignment studies of such programs, using the Campbell Collaboration methodology. The results indicate that this group of community employment programs for ex-offenders did not reduce recidivism; however, the experimental design research on this question is small and does not include some of the promising community employment programs that have emerged in the last decade.