How Do We Study the Rise of British Capitalism?

The rise of English capitalism is a very long historical course, during which the English revolution erupted in 1640 is a crux and critical point for the reflection on the rise of English capitalism. The British have been persistently seeking some rational interpretation of revolution and capitalism since the eruption of the British Revolution about three hundred years ago. The British people attained a set of new perspective to understand and explain the British Revolution and the rise of the English capitalism since the historical method of Marxism was introduced into Britain in the early 20th century. In terms of the hundreds of years exploration by the English, particularly the new left, holism becomes a basic view of reviewing the rise of English capitalism; the historical method of Marxism is a basic mean; the necessary breakthrough is that causes of the rise of capitalism are expanded from simple economic category to social category and taking history as a mirror and connecting tradition with reality is the fundamental aim.     

论法语阅读课程与自主阅读模式的构建

法语阅读能力是法语专业教学的重要内容之一,学生的法语阅读水平是检验法语专业教学质量的重要方面,因此法语阅读课程的设置和组织尤为重要。借助法语阅读课程的平台,教师应充当组织者与管理者,突破传统阅读教学的限制,引导学生规划、组织阅读活动,构建自主阅读模式。借助自主阅读模式,充分了解阅读过程的本质,激发学生的阅读积极性,培养学生的阅读策略,提高学生自主阅读能力。     

“The Best Flavors of the Sea” Found at the Ritz-Carlton Beijing

正The award-winning Italian restaurant Cépe at the Ritz-Carlton Beijing,Financial Street is famous for its i ne northern Italian dishes.Davide Bacchi,Chef de Cuisine,embarks on a global voyage of the best l avors of the sea and abandons conventional cooking styles to reveal the true nature of food.Guests are still dazzled by his brandnew 2014"Inspired"menu.His new recommendations include French Fine de Claire oyster,Boston lobster,Alaskan King Crab and French Blue Mus-     

德、法文学领域“古今之争”辨析——以现代性时间观念为视野

德、法文学领域的"古今之争"体现了两国知识界在现代化转型期对于时间问题的关切。由于历史、传统、经济、文化及地域等多方面差异,法国知识界多信奉"线性时间观"及与之伴生的乐观"历史进步论",德国知识界则对"线性时间观"态度谨慎,倾向于一种杂糅了"线性时间观"和"轮状时间观"的"文化时间观"。这种"向后看"的文化自觉不仅使德国启蒙界在时间观念上独树一帜,更导致其在现代化转型路径的选择中走上了一条"文化现代化"优于"社会现代化"的独特路径。     

The controversial question of “French Jewish literature”

Is there is specific Jewish literature in France? The study of Jewish authors and their writing is not sufficient grounds to indicate that such a group exists as a socio-historiacal entity; that their existence is real and not merely nominal. The question of the existence of Jewish literature – not to be confused with Jewish writing – is a central preoccupation of the community press, in which preferred answers are formulated with reference to an organised group of artists rather than in terms of artistic expression. We will attempt to show how and by what devices the position adopted by the press in question, often lacking in coherence and sufficient justification, has influenced that adopted by certain writers and academics.     

Introduction: Parliamentary Representation in France

The constitution of the Fifth Republic, adopted in 1958, was deliberately designed to weaken parliament. This trend was reinforced by the constant empowerment of the president and the bipolarisation of political life. For this reason, but also due to some of its specificities, French political science did not pay much attention to parliament and its members. The aim of the seven papers gathered in this issue is to fix this deficiency. They cover the main aspects of parliamentary representation in France, deliver the fundamental information and tackle the central questions about it. The papers use a wide range of data, methods and theoretical approaches. They deal with MPs' conceptions and practices of their mandate, their opinions on the French regime, their activities in the constituency, values, contribution to law-making and the use of parliamentary questions, as well as their perception by the citizens.     

The 'Good Wife': Struggles over Resources in the Kenyan Horticultural Sector

This paper examines how the contracting of French beans has engendered conflict over rights, obligations and resources in Meru District, Kenya. In response to pressure for agricultural diversification and the expanding European market for "gourmet" vegetables, horticulture, the historical domain of women, has been rapidly intensified, commoditized and in many cases, appropriated by men. Women have responded to the erosion of their rights in ways that appear paradoxical -- some undergoing Christian conversion while others poison their husbands -- practices that simultaneously affirm and contest the prevailing norms of the "good wife". In Meru, gender relations are key to the negotiation of household resources and the potential for capital accumulation in the export horticultural sector.     

Technology and Empire: A Colonial Narrative of the Construction of the Tonkin–Yunnan Railway

ABSTRACT

The Tonkin–Yunnan railway constituted a significant piece of transport infrastructure of the French colonial empire in Asia. The 848-kilometer railroad was a technical achievement that took ten years to complete (1900–1910) at the cost of thousands of lives. Albert Marie, a young French engineer, worked on the construction of the Chinese section of the railway over a three-year period, from August 1904 to May 1907. Through the letters he sent to his family and the photographs he took during his assignment, vignettes of everyday life in the expatriate community and the local population, as well as of the daunting work on the construction sites in a hostile physical environment, are narrated in a very candid manner. The hardworking, ambitious, and (at times) bewildered engineer, like many of his contemporary fellow countrymen, was hopeful about French rule in parts of mainland Southeast Asia and southwestern China in the early twentieth century. Technology, in particular, was believed to be the instrument of civilization and modernity that would drive France's imperial expansion in the region and elsewhere; in 1907, Albert Marie left Yunnan to work on another daunting colonial railroad project, the Constantinople–Baghdad line.     

论现代科技革命与和谐社会建设

相比第一、二次科技革命,现代科技革命体现出范围广泛、内容丰富,从理论研究到实际应用,其时间和空间大大缩短,对经济、社会的影响日益广泛和深刻的新特点。但同时现代科技革命也容易诱发新的社会矛盾,例如收入差距的贫富分化、价值观念和道德标准的转型以及对经济和政治体制的冲击与自身的创新行为等。现代科技革命对我国构建和谐社会至少具有以下意义:建设和谐社会是科技革命的前提;构建和谐社会不仅有利于避免甚至消除现代科技革命所产生的负面影响,对现代科技革命向生产力转化环节中起到润滑剂作用,而且也有利于在同科技革命互动中实现良性发展。