法国商法：法典化、去法典化与再法典化

法国作为开商法法典化先河的国家,其商法法典化及其发展变迁无疑值得深入研究。法国商法理论基础落后于民法,未能给《法国商法典》奠定必要的立法基础,从而使法国商法法典化表现出显著的先天不足。在基本商法部门纷纷采取单独立法的情况下,《法国商法典》逐渐走向了去法典化。但在大陆法系传统的法典化思想影响下,法国立法机关一直在寻求法国商法的再法典化。不过,法国商法的再法典化未从根本上解决其体系化与逻辑化不足的问题,因而法典编纂实际上演变成了法规汇编。     

新民主主义革命时期党的职工教育研究

新民主主义革命时期党的职工教育是中国无产阶级教育史上的一页光辉篇章。这一阶段的职工教 育开办工人学校、推动工人教育立法、完善职工教育体系,以为党育人为根本宗旨,以马克思主义教育理论为实 践遵循,以服务职工为中心,开创和发展了我国职工教育理论和实践。新时代,职工教育要以培养“完整人”为目标, 以先进的思想引领职工,以优秀的文化培育职工;构建服务职工终身学习的教育体系,培养高素质的职工队伍。     

婚前性行为和同居观念的现状及影响因素:现代性解释框架的经验验证

本文在现代性解释框架下对我国婚前性和同居的社会态度进行了实证研究。分析数据来源于2007—2008年在上海和兰州两地进行的抽样调查(N=2200)。研究结果发现,成长于改革开放前后的人群对婚前性和同居的态度的确具有显著差异,但与西方相比仍相当保守。在影响因素方面,除了现代理性、后物质主义和个体主义价值观念的增长之外,社区文化和国家制度变迁对我国性态度变迁的影响效应不容忽视。     

中国民法典制定的冷思考--从《法国民法典》看我国民法典的制定

《法国民法典》在特定的政治、经济、文化背景中产生 ,具有划时代的历史意义。其所体现的思想内容和精神价值在当代社会仍具有巨大的震撼力 ,主要包括法律公开、司法独立、私权天赋不可侵犯而独立于公权、法官不得拒绝裁判等 ,这些观念为后世各国制定民法典所遵从 ,也为我国制定民法典所参考。由于我国当前不具备自主制定成熟民法典的各项基础要素 ,因此应克服仓促制定《民法典》的急躁心态。     

法国宪法基本权利的概念与借鉴

作为法国宪法的基本范畴之一,基本权利概念的出现以宪法委员会之基本权利保障职能的活性化为基础,借鉴了外国法的表述,通过宪法裁判获得承认,并于2008年修宪确认于宪法典正文中。基本权利概念出现的原因在于,传统的公共自由只能防御行政权的侵害,而不具有对抗法律的效果,因此,需要反思传统的法律至上主义人权观、实现基本权利及其宪法规范的至上性。相应地,基本权利的论证路径也经历了从主观主义到客观主义的演变。外国法与比较法在我国基本权利研究中应用不足,法国的基本权利概念对我国学术界辨析基本权利与宪法权利的名称、基本权利的论证路径均有借鉴意义。     

Embracing death: the Western left and the Iranian revolution, 1978–83

The Iranian revolution of 1978–83 was a disaster for Iranian leftists, who, having worked for the overthrow of the Shah, soon found themselves being persecuted by the hard-line followers of the Ayatollah Khomeini. This paper looks at the response of Western leftists to the unfolding of the revolution, considering, first, to what extent Marxist and class-based analyses helped explain the revolution and, second, why so many Western leftist groups and individuals defended the Khomeini faction even as it moved against secular leftists and liberals. It concludes that an uncritical identification with Khomeini's declared ‘anti-imperialism’ distorted the views of those who would ordinarily have opposed his regime on class grounds, and that such a misreading was aided by an inadequate distinction between bourgeois democracy and dictatorship.     

Primitiveness and the flight from modernity: sociology and the avant-garde in inter-war France

This paper examines the links between the French school of sociology and anthropology and the surrealist avant-garde in inter-war Paris by unearthing their common reliance on a cross-cultural critique of European modernity. Accordingly, the paper focuses on how both currents – and notably the Collège de sociologie – used representations of a mythical ‘primitive’ condition to produce an outside of modern society and an alternative socio-cultural universe from which Europe's pathologies could be diagnosed. This self-critique through a comparative lens aimed to radically situate, relativize and decentre the phenomena of rationalization, disenchantment and anomie characterizing modernity, which could be shown to be neither natural, eternal, universal nor inevitable, but rather the socio-historical products of developments in a particular culture during a specific period of its history.     

Razzia: A Turning Point in Modern Strategy

The razzia, a tactic of swift and brutal raids used by the French military against recalcitrant tribes in Algeria in the 1840s, was a necessary step in modern military thought. At first glance the destructive and violent razzias stand in stark contrast to the constructive and non-violent bureaux arabes—an institutional ancestor of Provincial Reconstruction Teams. But both were developed in the same conflict and by the same men. These two innovations, this article argues, were also flipsides of the same coin: what today is called war “among the people.” The razzia consequently appears as a necessary historic precursor for contemporary counterinsurgency doctrine.     

新文学的诞生与“革命”话语——中国新文学发生期的一种政治文化的阐释

本文从政治文化的视角 ,重新审视了 2 0世纪 2 0年代新文学发生期的文学革命 ,认为她由历史深层的思想启蒙、语言体式的变更、人的文学的确立 ,构成了一条内在整合的政治文化理路。五四文学革命充分揭示了个体文学家的创作心理与群体社会政治文化行为的一致性 ,同时 ,又反映出文学作为文化的载体 ,二者构成一种复杂的互动过程。     

鲁迅与中法文学交流

鲁迅的文化活动是从翻译介绍法国文化开始的;鲁迅在他的一系列杂文中,联系中国现状,对法国许多文学大师进行了评价;鲁迅与法国作家又有很深的文学姻缘。鲁迅与中法文学交流是一个重要而研究尚不得深入的课题,从中可折射出法国文学对中国的影响,也为全面评价这些作家提供异域的文化参照。