法国大革命前期的三权分立

权力分立并通过权力制衡达到政治自由是法国思想家孟德斯鸠明确提出的资产阶级国家制度的基本原则,但卢梭极度轻蔑赋予国家各组成部分独立权力以相互制约的均衡理论.这种观念上的冲突,在法国大革命时期的前两部宪法中表现得十分鲜明.从实际情况看,法国大革命时期的权力分立有自己的特色:议会至高无上并发展为相当程度的专制,行政权过于弱化而无法与立法权抗衡,司法权根本没有独立地位.因此可以说,法国人基本上没有按照孟德斯鸠的思路去制约权力.     

哲学视阈中的“文革”发生学探析

关于"文革"起因的研究是总结、反思"文革"经验教训的一个重要方面。作为中国历史上复杂且重大的一个历史事件,其得以发生的原因是错综复杂的。对此,应采取辩证的态度,既要注重分析主要原因,也要顾及次要因素,力求能够对"文革"产生的原因进行多方面、深层次、全方位的认识和反思。     

Political Neo-Malthusianism and the Progression of India’s Green Revolution

Academic literature on India’s economic history often portrays the nation’s Green Revolution as a single package of technocratic reforms that eventually led to sustained growth in India’s total agricultural production – the quintessential triumph of science over political resistance. This account, though, is a dramatic oversimplification, which has led both social and natural scientists to criticise the Green Revolution’s normative consequences without fully addressing the political and economic forces that led to its varied results. To date, India’s Green Revolution lacks the established historical periodisation necessary to begin putting these accounts in dialogue. To remedy these issues, this article introduces the adapted concept of political neo-Malthusianism, which deconstructs the relationship between agricultural production, dependence on foreign aid, and the period’s political battles. Understanding this nexus allows not only for a deeper understanding of the politics that shaped various Green Revolution policies’ implementation, but also moves towards an understanding of its larger place in Indian economic history.     

评罗莎·卢森堡对苏维埃政权的批评

罗莎·卢森堡高度肯定十月革命,但对新生的苏维埃政权提出了以下六方面的批评:批评苏维埃政权把土地分给农民,从而为以后的社会主义改造设置了障碍;批评苏维埃政权片面地实行民族自决权,从而把刀子送到了敌人的手里;批评苏维埃政权解散立宪会议,从而堵塞了人民群众的积极的政治生活;批评苏维埃政权推行空想的普选权,从而使之成了一种缺乏生命力的临时凑合的"一纸空文";批评苏维埃政权取消出版自由、结社和集会的权利,从而引起公共生活的野蛮化;批评苏维埃政权把民主与专政对立起来,从而远离了社会主义.尽管罗莎·卢森堡差不多是在90多年前提出这些警示性见解的,但是所有这些见解,人们至今读起来还是感到如此具有现实感,并得到深刻的启示.     

评述罗伯斯比尔的法制思想与实践

罗伯斯比尔作为雅各宾派的重要领导人 ,把法国革命推向高潮。与此同时 ,他作为启蒙思想的信徒 ,在革命中彻底批判封建法制 ,建设资产阶级法制。曾领导雅各宾派通过了 1 793年宪法 ,并亲手为其起草了人权宣言 ,建构了人权体系对法院的改革、废除死刑、施行革命恐怖等提出了建议和设想。     

论英美意象派诗歌对中国新诗初期诗体的影响

英美意象派诗歌及自由诗革命对中国新诗初期诗体建设产生了巨大影响。以意象派诗歌为代表的欧美现代诗歌运动促进了中国诗歌的现代化进程;而处于"五四"激进时代的新诗人对意象派诗歌和自由诗革命的误读,特别是对意象派诗歌诗体的自由化和内容的平民化的过度迷恋,导致了新诗的过度自由化、散文化,直接加速了中国的新诗革命,不仅影响了新诗革命的态度、方式和内容,也影响到了新诗草创时诗的形态、体式及初期新诗的文体特征、文体价值,甚至整个新诗历史的诗体建设。     

革命析说

中国历史肇起于政治化的动机和需求,然其救济、平衡之法却在伦理之中。唐虞时代的“禅让”制尝标为政治伦理化之帜,不幸却被夏启的“家天下”中断。如何使“家天下”重归伦理化的良途,实为“三代”强烈的历史情结。《周易》以“革命”为枢,力陈政治伦理的新标准,重张历史、文化、社会、国家、政治伦理化的大旗,以新且体系化意识形态的建构,为“家天下”的伦理化提供了学理解说。故知,中国历史、文化、政治的伦理化,以及所谓“替天行道”、“造反有理”、“革命无罪”、“革故鼎新”、“推陈出新”诸说,当为《周易》之特出。     

Struggles for Citizenship? Peasant Negotiation of Schooling in the Sierra Norte de Puebla,Mexico, 1921–1933

This article identifies four different responses to educational policy in peasant villages. Acceptance, appropriation, resistance and opposition to schools are considered as forms of negotiating the educational contract. Peasants contributed to education through legal and customary practices. In return, they sought to influence the terms of schooling. However limited, such influence was possible because the Mexican state had scarce resources and depended on villagers' support. Taking into account the difficulties of peasants' subordinate position, their struggle over schooling is defined as a defence of autonomy rather than an exercise of citizenship.     

THIS WEEK PEOPLE&POInTS

正CROWNED PAIR Chinese tennis players Peng Shuai(right),from the mainland,and Hsieh Su-wei,from Taiwan,won their second Grand Slam title together by defeating Sara Errani and Roberta Vinci of Italy 6-4,6-1 in the women’s doubles final at the French Open on June 8.     

The Creative Commons licences through moral rights provisions in French law

Since 2002, Creative Commons has been continuously evolving in order to create a licensing scheme that not only fulfils the needs of the author but also stays compatible with already existing national copyright laws. The extent of the respect of moral rights provisions has always been highlighted during the licences’ evolution. This Article first examines whether moral rights are expressly mentioned in the licences and if so, what their treatment is. Each element of the moral rights in the French system will be considered in order to verify their compatibility with the Creative Commons licences. In this context, it will be also asserted whether some existing clauses in the licence contradict with the moral rights of authors. The Article will conclude that although a more flexible interpretation of moral rights provisions is needed when dealing with open content licences, it is essential that Creative Commons addresses the aspects of the licences that are identified as problematic in relation to moral rights. Finally, it will be demonstrated that regardless of the legal status of the licences, the authors' responsibility towards their rights is what will ultimately be the safeguard of their creations' path.