浅析非政府组织在应对全球环境和气候变化问题中的作用

非政府组织在全球环境政治中日益发挥着重要的作用。从斯德哥尔摩到哥本哈根联合国环境大会,非政府组织都是应对全球环境问题与气候变化以及全球气候谈判中独立的和有价值的行为体,并且与国际政府间组织以及国家之间形成了密切的互动关系,而这种互动关系又影响和改变着全球气候谈判的进程,推动着以国家为中心的环境治理模式向多元中心的全球环境治理模式转变。与此同时,非政府组织在全球环境治理中影响的增强也给我国的环境外交提出了挑战,需要我们用新的思路来予以应对。     

人类命运共同体视阈下的共同发展与全球治理问题研究

作为一种新型文明形态的人类命运共同体,把人类美好生活的实现作为其最高的价值位阶,它必须扬弃基于中心-边缘不平衡性发展理念而构建的世界贫富两极化的发展格局,把各国共同发展的共同善的伦理性要求作为人类命运共同体得以落实的基本前提。共同发展理念只有得到全球治理的内在性拱卫,才能把人类命运共同体视阈下的元治理理念与基于共同发展所要求的共同治理,构成共同抵御霸权性治理的非正义性侵蚀的价值基础,唯有如此,人作为类属性而非种属性的共同体主体际性才会在共同发展与共同治理的视阈下绽放出来。     

Incidence of agricultural export taxation in Papua New Guinea

The present fixed‐rate levy on major rural exports exerts a highly regressive and burdensome impact on marginal estates and smallholders at low external prices. In an export boom, however, it fails significantly to compress substantial plantation windfall profits and abnormally high village incomes. Thus the duty tends to destabilise producers' earnings over the export cycle. These undesirable effects can be considerably reduced under the proposed export tax schedules, with a cut‐off point to eliminate fiscal absorption at lower prices. However, the built‐in graduated rate structures will enable the government to mobilise greater excess agricultural resources during a price upswing. This serves not only to compensate for the tax losses through Marketing Boards' accumulations, but also to provide government revenue for rural improvement and development purposes.     

Protecting cultural heritage in war zones

In the throes of war, protecting such cultural heritage as the Bamiyan Buddhas, the Mostar Bridge, the Timbuktu libraries and Palmyra supposedly is a priority on the international public policy agenda; but government responses so far have been limited to deploring such destruction. This article explores the evolving, albeit contested, norm of the ‘responsibility to protect’ (R2P) and its relevance for cultural heritage. There is no need for a hierarchy of protection – civilians or culture – because the juxtaposition is as erroneous as choosing between people and the environment. This essay begins with a discussion of cultural heritage and defines the scope for the application of any new international normative consensus. It then explores why R2P, in the original concept of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS), is an appropriate framework for thinking about cultural protection, despite considerable political headwinds. It then examines the current opportune political moment and existing legal tools. Finally, there is a brief consideration of the obstacles facing the creation of a better framework for cultural protection in zones of armed conflict.     

技术在经济全球化与后殖民时代中的作用

经济全球化与后殖民是一个相伴的过程,技术在其中起着重要的作用,技术水平决定了各国在经济全球化中的地位与国际分工方式,并导致两次不同的殖民倾向。发达国家利用其先进的技术作为打破经济与化疆域的手段,实现其化渗透的目的,技术作为一种化成为后殖民主义树立的全球化的中心,也是全球化同质化的中心,同时,技术进步为发展中国家参与国际竞争合作提供了机遇,它必将促进人类社会的进步,恢复人在吉的主体性地位,     

全球安全倡议的文明基底、理论逻辑与实践路径

全球安全倡议根植于中华文明的连续性、创新性、统一性、包容性与和平性,并因此展现出以合作安全、开放安全、共同安全与多边安全为特征的理论逻辑。美国出于维护其全球霸权的动机,对亚太地区施加以竞争安全、封闭安全、分割安全和单边安全为特征的传统安全范式,导致该地区大国战略博弈日益加剧、安全阵营化趋势加快、安全困境螺旋上升和非传统安全竞争日趋升温,破坏了该地区的和平与稳定。全球安全倡议提供了一个新的安全范式,即以合作安全应对竞争安全、以开放安全对抗封闭安全、以共同安全替代分割安全、以多边安全超越单边安全。针对美国推行遏制中国的“印太战略”,全球安全倡议为实现亚太地区的普遍安全和持久和平提供了实践路径,包括促进地区大国良性互动、完善以东盟为中心的地区安全机制、塑造地区国家间的相互信任,以及强化地区非传统安全合作。