Turkish foreign policy in the post-Arab Spring era: from proactive to buffer state

Our globalising world is presently in a state of global turmoil. Risk, uncertainty, and insecurity are the terms that shape global/regional/national/local affairs and developments. The refugee crisis and the war against ISIL constitute the twin crises creating seismic impacts and consequences that in turn escalate risk and turmoil. Turkey is situated at the heart of these two crises, being very much affected by them and, therefore, perceived as a pivotal actor in the way in which the West is dealing with them. Yet, the West’s current instrumentalist and functionalist approach to Turkey as a buffer state designed to contain these two crises in the MENA does not offer an effective and sustainable solution to these crises, much less provide the stability and order that is direly needed in regional and global affairs.     

The European Union and transnational health policy networks: a case study of interaction with the Global Fund

This article examines the nature of the engagement between the European Union and the Global Fund created to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. The authors reveal that in relations between the EU and the Fund, influence is reciprocal although asymmetrical with the EU commanding more leverage. They also contend that the EU considers its engagement with the Global Fund as successful to the extent that the success of this interaction is contingent on the Global Fund's capacity for implementation. They conclude that the relationship between the EU and the Fund will continue for the foreseeable future.     

私人主体参与全球行政法

在全球化环境下,除了国家、正在争取独立的民族以及国家间的国际组织,越来越多的私人主体直接参与到超国家行政关系中来,成为全球行政法的主体。"全球行政法"被定义为包括那些促进或以其他方式影响全球行政机构问责性,特别是确保其达到透明度、参与性、合理决策和合法性方面的充分标准以及对其形成的规则和决定提供有效审查的机制、原则、惯例和支持性的社会认同。从全球行政法形成的三个阶段可以清晰看出,传统二元性法律理论与全球行政法发展之间的联系,进而明晰私人主体是如何一步步迈向全球行政法,成为全球行政法主体。在当前的环境下,私人主体参与全球行政法也面临一些困境,需要逐步解决。     

扶贫车间对农村妇女空间的再造——基于河南省的一个案例

改革开放四十多年来,伴随着经济的快速发展,中国的农村社会结构发生了剧烈变迁,其中较为显著的是大量农村家庭成员外出务工,从而带来了家庭社会关系的断裂和社会空间的分离。较男性而言,女性受到的影响更为突出。通过对河南一个扶贫车间的案例进行研究,本文发现:近几年由政府、企业和村庄社区所共建的扶贫车间,为农村妇女社会空间的再造提供了一种可能路径,但从社会保障和社会福利等角度看,扶贫车间仍然存在一些缺陷和提升空间。     

同盟视野探析

同盟视野是指缔结同盟的国家通过同盟所要追求的以安全、军事为主的关切范围,它主要通过同盟条约中的同盟覆盖区域的形式体现.关切主要是一种基于利益之上的主观判断,覆盖区域主要是基于利益之上对地理空间范围的主观判断,因此,同盟视野既具有客观的地理性,又具有主观的判断性.同盟视野不同于同盟目标和同盟针对对象.同盟视野概念的提出有利于理解同盟这一概念,从而有利于进一步构建和丰富同盟理论.同盟视野是同盟得以存在的实质性内涵和逻辑支撑之一.同盟视野重合程度高,则同盟持续的时间长,运行更有效;反之,则同盟持续的时间短,运行效率低.同盟视野的类型分为地区性与全球性、静态性与动态性,同盟类型的不同及其转化对同盟存续意义重大.     

E-Commerce and Industrial Upgrading in the Chinese Apparel Value Chain

The economic and social gains from electronic commerce (e-commerce) that promote innovation, industry upgrading and economic growth have been widely discussed. China’s successful experience with e-commerce has had a positive effect in transforming consumer-goods sectors of the economy and motivating economic reform. This article looks at how e-commerce reduces barriers to entry and enables firms to move up the value chain by using the global value chain framework to analyse the impact of e-commerce on the upgrading trajectories and governance structures of China’s apparel industry. For large Chinese brands, e-commerce has enabled end-market diversification. For small- and medium-sized enterprises, e-commerce has facilitated entry with functional upgrading as well as end-market upgrading. In the “two-sided markets” created by platform companies, the “engaged consumers” are the demand side of this market, and “e-commerce focused apparel firms” are the supply side of the new market. Consumers and platforms are more directly involved in value creation within this emerging internet-based structure.     

Governance through government networks: The G8 and international organizations

As an informal grouping without headquarters, permanent staff or legal powers, the world’s major industrialized countries must rely on other actors, in particular international organizations, to manage global problems. This article examines how the Group of Eight contributes to global governance by cooperating with international organizations in the cases of debt relief and the fight against terrorist finance. It shows that the G8 draws on international institutions with the aid of government networks and argues that this cooperation is stronger, the greater the Group’s concentration of relevant power and the more important it considers the institutions’ resources.     

疫情冲击下的世界经济与中国对策

新冠肺炎疫情的急剧扩散正在对世界经济产生严重冲击,使得任何国家都无法独善其身。本文探讨了疫情对世界经济增长、深层次结构以及全球经济治理等领域可能造成的冲击,认为世界经济秩序和国际经济关系都将受到重大影响,全球化进程可能呈现出现碎片化发展趋势,全球治理赤字更加凸显且内容更加广域化,跨国公司的产业链重构进程将有所加快并更加注重安全因素。在这种严峻形势下,中国应采取更加系统的应对措施,短期内宏观经济政策重心应该从“保增长”调整为“保就业”,并努力确保外向型产业链稳定;中长期应该更加注重扩大内需,进一步扩大金融业开放和积极推进国际经济协调。     

中美太空合作的现状、挑战与前*

中美太空合作正在出现新动向。1979年以来,中美太空合作经历了三个阶段:第一阶段是1979-1999年,主要合作领域在商业卫星发射;第二个阶段是2000-2011年,主要合作领域在民用航天;第三个阶段是2012年以后,中美太空对话和交流呈现出民用航天主管部门对话与太空安全对话同时进行的特点。虽然由于美国政府换届,共和党人在白宫获得执政地位,可能给过去一段时间内逐渐回暖的中美太空对话与合作再次蒙上阴影,但是值得注意的是,这一阶段的中美太空合作已经表现出与以往不同的特征。中美太空合作多聚焦于具体技术和项目,这使得美国在以往的太空交往和合作中往往处于比较有利的地位。然而,21世纪以来,随着中国航天事业稳定而迅速的发展,中美在太空领域不平衡的局面正在逐渐改变。中国在涉及太空的众多关键领域已经构建起自己的体系,这大大增强了中国在中美太空合作中的主动性。对于未来的中美太空合作,中国已经超越了单纯的项目合作或技术合作的视角,可能在更具战略意义的层面上推动美国更具建设性地参与全球太空治理,共同为维护太空和平与安全承担起大国应该承担的责任。     

Behind a veil of secrecy: animal abuse,factory farms,and Ag-Gag legislation

Abstract

For years, animal rights organizations have sought to expose animal cruelty on America’s factory farms. With the meat and dairy industry inaccessible to the public, animal advocates rely on undercover investigators who gain access to farms by becoming employees. Working from the inside, these investigators become whistleblowers when they reveal animal cruelty unrelated to the already inhumane conditions of animal husbandry. An effective strategy that has exposed animal abuse as well as conditions threatening to public health, in recent years the agriculture industry has pressured legislatures to enact laws that criminalize photography at factory farms. Dubbed ‘Ag-Gag’ laws by critics, the emergence of legislation targeting animal rights advocates raises important questions relevant to animal welfare, animal rights activism, and freedom of speech. This paper exposes the failure of government institutions to protect animals on factory farms while simultaneously silencing what is currently the only available mechanism for Americans to learn about abuse on factory farms. It also explores the Constitutional implications of Ag-Gag laws. Not only are Ag-Gag laws presumptively unconstitutional, but with their enactment – animal welfare remains unchanged, the American consumer remains uninformed, and America’s factory farms are free to abuse animals behind a legal veil of secrecy.