绿色税收:欧盟经验与东北之鉴

作为对外部性予以纠正的公共政策方式,绿色税收能够引导节约资源、合理利用环境、提高社会福利。德国、荷兰等欧盟国家在推动社会资源优化配置过程中,关注各方面利益的相互均衡,促进社会效率与公平协调发展;与此相适应,课税理念也得到了调整,并以税收制度变迁进一步推动了社会和谐发展。这些对中国东北地区经济转型都具有借鉴意义。     

试析当代西方绿色政治理论的形成与影响

当代西方社会政治运动中出现了一种新兴思想流派——绿色政治理论。它随着环保运动的深入发展和绿党在西方政坛的崛起，对西方社会产生了越来越广泛的影响。它是在科学技术高度发展、地球生态环境急剧恶化、资本主义社会危机日益严重和世界和平运动深入开展的形势下产生的。这一理论对人类传统的价值理念、西方社会政治生活和政坛产生了巨大的冲击，对我国社会主义现代化建设也具有重要的借鉴意义     

税收、财政支出政策与宏观经济运行的内在影响机制——基于中国不同省份的面板数据分析

财政政策对经济运行的影响是宏观经济研究的核心问题.但相关文献都侧重于财政支出、税收等对宏观经济的单方面影响.本文构建了基于财政支出、税收的内生经济增长模型.从模型推导可知,在给定税收、财政支出政策的变化路径时,税率与经济增长存在"倒-U"型关系,政府投资性支出与经济增长之间正相关,社会福利不仅与政府支出规模有关,还受到其支出结构的影响.实证检验显示,在我国经济运行中,总产出、消费、投资、政府支出、税率、利息率、工资水平之间存在长期均衡关系,且存在最优宏观税率,政府投资性支出对经济增长率存在正向影响,但对社会福利的影响存在不确定性,且在不同经济区域上存在较大差异性.这说明财政支出、收入政策的稳定性,差异性的区域税收制度安排和政府支出结构,有利于不同区域经济发展.     

广东高等职业教育对经济增长贡献的实证分析

20世纪60年代以来,教育对经济的贡献逐渐引起经济学界的重视。基于相关理论模型测算,广东省2002年~2012年教育对经济增长的贡献为3.44%,高等职业教育对经济增长贡献为0.65%,高等职业教育占整个教育对经济增长贡献的18.99%。因此,广东应加快转变经济增长方式,加大高等职业教育投入力度,充分发挥高等职业教育对区域经济增长的优势作用。     

管制对中国经济增长影响的实证分析

改革开放的过程,就是我国不断放松管制的过程。本文采用这一段时期相关时间序列数据,对我国经济管制和社会管制的变化和影响进行了经济计量分析,并提出若干政策建议。     

Classroom training in sexual victimization awareness and prevention skills: An extension of the Red Flag/Green Flag people program

This study is an extension of a previous evaluation of a program (Red Flag/Green Flag) in which children, parents, and teachers were exposed to a workbook and film designed to teach personal safety strategies for preventing sexual victimization or encouraging adult assistance through disclosure of such incidents. In the current investigation, only children and their teachers received this didactic training program. Children and teachers from neighboring schools were assigned to a Training or Control group. Self-reports from children, teachers, and parents, as well as guidance counselor incident reports, were obtained to evaluate outcome. Results indicated greater gains in general knowledge and prevention skills at post-training and 6-month follow-up for trained than control children. Some improvements were made by trained teachers and parents of trained children. Child reports of personal experiences and guidance counselor incident reports were in accord with the assistance component of the program. However, the pattern of reports across sources is difficult to interpret. The findings are discussed in light of salient issues regarding the content of training, child disclosure, and methodology.     

美国“精明增长”对我国城市空间扩展的启示

论述了目前国内外讨论比较多的"精明增长"(Smart Growth)产生的背景及其主要内涵,对我国城市空间扩展的具体情况进行了分析,并结合我国城市发展的具体情况,从美国城市蔓延的前车之鉴中得到教训,从城市发展策略和技术手法上将"精明增长"的理念用来指导我国城市发展的具体实践.     

The enduring influence of electoral systems: investigating Green parties’ attention to local issues in parliament

Scholars argue that members of parliament (MPs) in first-past-the-post (FPTP) systems have stronger incentives to cater to their electoral district than those in proportional representation (PR) types. Yet, few studies have explored whether MPs in PR systems or MPs from small parties engage local issues in general. I build new theory and explore its support through a case study that compares Green party behaviour in an FPTP system (the UK) to a PR system (New Zealand). Results show that MPs focus on local issues in both systems, but the distribution of attention varies in ways consistent with differing electoral incentives.     

日本环境产业的发展

环境产业是改善环境和保证经济社会可持续发展的物质技术条件,也是促进日本经济与环境协调发展和激活其地区活力的强大动力.目前,日本的环境产业已从少数产业部门扩展到几乎所有产业部门,未来将同汽车业和建筑业并驾齐驱,成为支撑日本经济发展的主导支柱产业之一.促进日本环境产业发展的主要因素是,强化环境法规的限制,推动经济政策的绿色化,完善企业的环境管理和发展绿色消费.     

微小隐孢子虫和安氏隐孢子虫SYBR Green real time PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank中登录的隐孢子虫小亚基rRNA基因序列设计1对引物,并以标准基因组DNA为模板,初步建立了检测乳牛微小隐孢子虫和安氏隐孢子虫的SYBR Green real time PCR方法,并对乳牛微小隐孢子虫和安氏隐孢子虫阳性样品和上海40份乳牛粪便进行了检测.结果表明,此次建立的real timePCR对微小隐孢子虫和安氏隐孢子虫均能扩增出曲线,且其他寄生虫(鸡贝氏隐孢子虫、刚地弓形虫、犬新孢子虫)和大肠杆菌均未检测到;标准基因组DNA的检测阈值达到5个拷贝,牛粪中卵囊的最低检测量为每克粪便5个卵囊,乳牛粪便阳性率为15%(6/40).表明,建立的荧光定量PCR快速、特异、敏感,可用于乳牛隐孢子虫病的流行病学调查.