指(趾)甲在滥用药物分析中的研究现状及应用展望

在法医毒物分析中,各类生物检材都具有其特点和应用范围。本文对指(趾)甲的生物学特征、样品的采集和前处理、指甲中部分毒(药)物的分析方法作了较为详细的综述,介绍了指(趾)甲中滥用药物含量的影响因素,并针对研究中的问题,结合已有研究对其应用前景作出展望,认为指(趾)甲作为一种在体内滥用药物分析中尚未被普遍应用的非常规生物检材,在法医毒物学方面拥有潜在的可用性和优势。     

新世纪中国西部发展与公共管理学的使命

研究领域和范围偏狭,西部发展问题公共管理研究的缺席,是我国公共管理学存在的严重缺陷。拓展公共管理学的研究视角,关注西部地区的发展问题,探索适合西部地区的公共管理模式,在西部地区现代化进程中发挥应有的作用,是21世纪中国公共管理学的重要历史使命。公共管理学应该在与其他学科进行对话的基础上,立足于西部地区公共管理环境,研究以政府为核心的公共部门如何对该地区多民族传统文化的保护与管理,对自然生态环境的保护与管理,对公共产品的提供与管理,对民族关系的协调与管理,以及加强危机管理研究,为西部地区经济建设与政治体制改革创造良好的公共管理环境发挥独特作用。     

嗜尸性甲虫在尸体上的演替及其法医学应用前景

作为法医昆虫学的主要研究对象之一,嗜尸性甲虫在腐败晚期干化和白骨化尸体的死亡时间推断中具有双翅目昆虫所无法取代的重要意义,并对尸体的腐败、破坏、分解和姿势改变发挥着不容忽视的作用。本文阐述了嗜尸性甲虫在尸体上的演替,分析了嗜尸性甲虫演替的影响因素,介绍了嗜尸性甲虫在法医学中的应用和前景。虽然目前对嗜尸性甲虫的研究还很少,但嗜尸性甲虫在法医鉴定中的作用将在今后受到越来越多法医工作者的重视。     

单倍型的分析及其法医学应用

单倍型是指一条染色体或者线粒体上紧密连锁的多个等位基因的线性排列,作为一个整体遗传给子代。国际单倍型图谱计划已于2002年启动,该计划的目标在于通过测定序列变异特征、变异频率及其相互关联,绘出人类基因组的“单倍型区块”,以及不同区块的标记SNP。本文介绍了单倍型的形成与分布及其3种分析方法：实验法、系谱推断和统计算法。当等位基因间存在连锁不平衡的关系时。法医学中的各种概率要以等位基因组成的单倍型来统计。单倍型的重要性已被人们所认识。其在法医学中的应用已经逐步开展起来,主要集中在Y染色体、线粒体和X染色体,作为DNA遗传标记的重要补充。     

氯胺酮成瘾机制的研究进展

氯胺酮为苯环己哌啶（PCP）衍生物,是非竞争性N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸（NMDA）受体桔抗剂。除作为临床上常用的静脉麻醉药外,氯胺酮还具有一定的致幻作用和成瘾性,非法滥用氯胺酮的人数呈现快速增长趋势。本文根据氯胺酮的药理及毒理学特性与目前公认的药物成瘾机制．从与药物成瘾机制有关的强化效应和奖赏系统、解剖结构、相关受体及个体差异等方面,对氯胺酮成瘾的可能机制作一综述。     

租赁房屋装饰装修物的归属及利益返还——对法释[2009]11号关于租赁房屋之装饰装修及其法律后果的规定的评论

法释[2009]11号第9条至第13条关于租赁房屋之装饰装修及其法律后果的规定,几乎难见不当得利规则,实属不当。在解释论的层面,应当允许当事人援用我国《民法通则》关于不当得利的规定,同时不排斥当事人援用我国现行法关于侵权责任、违约责任、缔约过失责任及过失相抵、风险负担的规定。在立法论的层面,未来应修正法释[2009]11号的有关规定。     

How Organizational Identity Affects Hospital Performance: Comparing Predictive Power of Mission Statements and Sector Affiliation

Abstract

Organizational identity is an important concept in organizational theory, as it can contextualize the behavior of organizations and members. The literature presents divergent perspectives on organizational identity: some studies have characterized organizational identity as constrained by institutional forces, whereas others have contended it is socially constructed by organizational members. Studies have largely focused on the former perspective, measuring organizational identity by sector affiliation; the latter approach has rarely been empirically tested. Therefore, in addition to sector affiliation, this article proposes a different approach to operationalizing organizational identity by examining hospitals’ mission statements. The study also examines which of these dual forces have more predictive power regarding organizational performance. Together with hospitals’ sector affiliation, we test how the presence and frequency of mission statement language regarding access, cost, quality, or unique organizational values affect hospitals’ various performance metrics. Regression analyses with 172 acute hospitals in Florida reveal significant relationships between types of mission statement content, sectors, and performance indicators.     

Exit, voice, and loyalty in international organizations: US involvement in the League of Nations

Recent challenges to traditional international relations theory have questioned the nature of international organizations (IOs) as agents of powerful state-members and have examined various conduits through which non-state actors can voice their concerns. Yet little work has focused on participation in IOs when a powerful state’s official position contradicts the goals of actors within it. This article examines the archival record of American involvement in the League of Nations’ economic section to explore such a circumstance. I correct the prevailing historical view of American isolationism in the interwar period and argue that participation by advanced, industrial democracies can better be understood as combinations of exit, voice, and loyalty on the part of individual components of state and civil societies.

A community under siege: exclusionary education policies and indigenous Santals* in the Bangladeshi context

Abstract

This article presents and analyses the voices and responses of the research participants about the impact of exclusionary formal and informal education policies imposed on the Santal community in Palashpur, Bangladesh (Palashpur is a pseudonym for the site of my research; it is also a metaphor for contested space where the colonial power and politics of the nation state exert domination and subordination). These policies are implemented through a state-led, centralised, monolingual and exclusionary curriculum in local primary and secondary schools, schools run by the churches, and schools supported by nongovernmental organisations. The education policies in Bangladesh bear the legacy of the combined forces of cultural homogenisation and social exclusion rooted in the colonial learning structure and its objectives. Embedded in these policies are elements of the civilising mission, an ultra-religious assimilative but exclusionary nationalistic agenda, and Western values of modernity and development. In this rural context, these alien ideologies and practices in education are actively engaged in eliminating local institutions, the knowledge system of indigenous peoples, the texture of their lives, their joy of living, their spirituality and their sense of being. This article reveals how, imposed from above, education policy and practices have dispersed an indigenous community to negotiate a life that goes against the interests of the community itself and its members.