从权力行使型到权力抑制型——刑事程序构造的重新设定

权力行使型和权力抑制型是刑事程序构造的两大类型 ,前者注重的是加强国家控制社会、维护秩序的能力 ;后者注重的是抑制国家权力运作的正当性 ,强调个人自由权利的保障。一部刑事诉讼法的制定、修改 ,需要从总体思路上把握是要塑造一个权力行使型构造还是权力抑制型构造。抑制国家权力并不是试图取消国家权力 ,而是保障国家权力的正当行使。两相比较 ,权力抑制型构造比权力行使型构造更值得选择。我国刑事程序构造总的说来是权力行使型构造 ,在刑事诉讼法律制度的改革完善中 ,这一构造应转变为权力抑制型构造     

现代法视野中的刑事诉讼

以现代法理念为基础 ,解析现代刑事诉讼的基本特点 ,由此得出以下结论 :“刑事诉讼法现代化”是我国刑事诉讼法未竟的历史使命 ,也是我国刑事诉讼法发展的基本方向     

International marriage in East and Southeast Asia: trends and research emphases

This paper gives an overview on international marriage in East and Southeast Asia. It first reviews the available data on the incidence and trends of transnational marriage. It then discusses the factors generally cited as contributing to the rising incidence of international marriage in the region: the increased mobility of population, particularly with respect to tourism, business travel, short-term employment and international study; and marriage market issues in a number of countries of the region, leading to deliberate and targeted search for spouses in other countries. It also reviews the types of international marriages in the region, including the national, ethnic and social characteristics of spouses in such marriages. Finally, it discusses the issues and problems covered and not (or inadequately) covered in the literature of international marriage in East and Southeast Asia in relation to the questions of rights and of the boundaries and sovereignty of the state.     

当前刑侦工作中存在的主要问题及解决措施

当前刑侦工作主要存在基础不牢、现场勘查不力、科技手段运用少、侦破方式更新不够等问题,其原因主要是刑侦机制不顺、队伍素质不高、经费保障不力。应从强化刑侦基础业务建设,建立侦查破案新模式,提高现场勘查水平,以训练强化干警素质,以及建立科学的刑侦考核激励机制等方面谋求解决。     

加强行政法与刑法交叉领域研究的必要性

行政法与刑法尽管是按照不同原理形成的独立法领域,但在各自独立、区分的前提下,二者在规范内容、调整对象以及适用程序等方面存在诸多相互交叉、相互借鉴和彼此依存的内容。在学科研究自我封闭倾向普遍存在的背景下,研究二者之间的衔接、协调和互动关系(包括立法关系和司法关系)具有非常重要的现实意义。     

“危害国防利益罪”中的若干概念辨析

新修订的《刑法》增设了一章“危害国防利益罪”。但该章中对于若干犯罪主体的概念：“军人”、“战时”、“破坏军事通信罪”、“公民”等未作严密科学的界定，给法律的适用带来一定的影响。“军人”按照《中国人民解放军军语》的解释，应指具有“军籍”的人；严格、准确的“战时”是指“国家宣布进入战争状态，部队受领作战任务或遭敌袭击时”。“部队执行戒严任务或处置突发性暴力事件时”，以“战时论”，适用于刑法分则第十章，其余各章，凡涉及“战时”规定的，应只适应刑法第４５１条第一款规定的诸种情况，而不宜扩大解释；关于“破坏军事通信罪”，其犯罪主体应包括“物”和“活动”两种形式，如果是“物”，理应包含于武器装备、军事设施之内，罪名不好确定。如果是“活动”，其罪刑设计就会出现遗漏，有必要对刑法第３６９条加以改造和补充。“公民”应指服现役和服预备役的公民     

Controlling the flow: Security, exclusivity, and criminal intelligence in Ontario

This paper examines security networks in a context where security is increasingly regarded as a problem of intelligence. Data are derived from interviews with officers in criminal intelligence units in Ontario, Canada. A conceptual framework is developed to understand the limits of security intelligence within an emerging security network paradigm, focussing on the normative dimensions governing security networking, and the mechanisms and technologies limiting information deployment among public security agencies. Despite efforts to address security through the sharing of actionable information, security intelligence maintains an exclusive value. Technologies of control promoting this exclusivity also function to prevent intelligence from becoming common knowledge. Because of its limited value, intelligence is ill-suited for export into security governance writ large.     

Identifying Miscarriages of Justice: Why Innocence in the UK is Not the Answer

This article examines two contrasting proposals for the reform of criminal appeals: the government's recent proposal that the guilty should no longer have their convictions quashed on 'technicalities'; and calls by campaigners for the Court of Appeal to consider innocence rather than the 'safety of the conviction,' together with their associated attempts to establish Innocence Projects in the UK. Despite the rhetorical power of 'innocence' as a campaigning tool, it is contended that to import such a standard into the legal system would be retrogressive and counter-productive, both as a safeguard against wrongful convictions and in protecting the integrity of the system. In order to be meaningful, due process protections must apply to all. The government's proposals attack this principle directly; innocence campaigners risk unwittingly assisting their endeavours.     

宽严相济政策对犯罪控制效率的兼顾

宽严相济的刑事政策以促进社会和谐为基本价值目标,但这一政策对犯罪控制的效率可能产生一定的消极影响。犯罪控制效率同样决定着社会和谐的程度,因此,实施宽严相济刑事政策必须兼顾犯罪控制的效率。其主要对策是,借鉴《联合国反腐败公约》制定的反腐败策略,在立法和司法两个层面鼓励涉嫌犯罪者与刑事执法机关合作,并以现代侦查手段武装侦查机关,提高侦查、公诉机关揭露和证实犯罪的能力。     

ISFG: Recommendations on biostatistics in paternity testing

The Paternity Testing Commission (PTC) of the International Society for Forensic Genetics has taken up the task of establishing the biostatistical recommendations in accordance with the ISO 17025 standards and a previous set of ISFG recommendations specific to the genetic investigations in paternity cases. In the initial set, the PTC recommended that biostatistical evaluations of paternity are based on a likelihood ratio principle – yielding the paternity index, PI. Here, we have made five supplementary biostatistical recommendations. The first recommendation clarifies and defines basic concepts of genetic hypotheses and calculation concerns needed to produce valid PIs. The second and third recommendations address issues associated with population genetics (allele probabilities, Y-chromosome markers, mtDNA, and population substructuring) and special circumstances (deficiency/reconstruction and immigration cases), respectively. The fourth recommendation considers strategies regarding genetic evidence against paternity. The fifth recommendation covers necessary documentation, reporting details and assumptions underlying calculations. The PTC strongly suggests that these recommendations should be adopted by all laboratories involved in paternity testing as the basis for their biostatistical analysis.