论非洲与当代国际法体系的构建

非洲在当今国际社会中具有举足轻重的地位,在构建当代国际法体系和推动国际新秩序的发展中具有不可忽视的作用。从参与形式上看,非洲参与当代国际法体系主要是以区域合作和南南合作的形式进行;从整体现状上判断,非洲目前势力仍然弱小,在国际法体系的建设中仍然不是主导者和推动者,而是近似一种政策参与者和国际秩序回归者的角色。同时,非洲在未来参与国际法体系的过程中还面临一些不利因素。     

国际贸易与投资中的华商网络:文献评述

近年来，越来越多的经济学家和社会学家开始关注华商网络对于促进国际贸易与FDI的作用。众多文献分别从新制度经济学、社会资本理论、现代进化生物学以及博弈论等角度对华商网络如何克服国际贸易与FDI中的非正式贸易壁垒作出解释；而在经验研究方面，现有研究不仅关注华商网络的静态有效性，而且也考虑其动态无效性。     

俄罗斯联邦刑事诉讼中犯罪人有罪证明中的相关问题

《俄罗斯联邦刑事诉讼法典》第15条明确了辩论制原则,但其存在一定的负面效果。该法第86条的证据收集规则使有悖于指控倾向的事实材料、非国家机关性质诉讼参与人取得的鉴定结论及专家结论一律无法归入案卷。这打破了审前诉讼阶段的控辩平等,违背了刑诉法,最终导致了案件客观真相难以查明的后果。     

Human capital and social capital in criminal networks: introduction to the special issue on the 7th Blankensee Colloquium

This essay and review on criminal network analysis provides an introduction to the special issue “Human Capital and Social Capital in Criminal Networks”. It traces the history of the application of network analysis in the study of organized crime since the early 1970s. It argues that while criminal network analysis has brought a new level of methodological rigor to the study of organized crime, a number of limitations have become apparent. These include the problem of missing data and the challenges encountered in adequately capturing latent structures, individual characteristics of network members and socio-ecological conditions.     

THE PROSECUTION AND PUNISHMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TERRORISTS IN FEDERAL COURTS: 1980–1998*

Research Summary: This study reports findings from the American Terrorism Study. The data show that from 1980 to 1998, the U.S. government periodically tried accused domestic and international terrorists through the use of traditional criminal trials. The extent to which federal prosecutors “explicit politicized” these trials (and the success that the politicization had) varied among the types of terrorist groups. Explicit politically was not found to be successful in trials of domestic terrorists but seemed to work for trials involving international terrorists. Over the 20‐year period, however, federal prosecutors began to rely more heavily (and more successfully) on the politicization of the criminal acts by international terrorists. The results also show that international terrorists, like their domestic counterparts, are much less likely to plead guilty. Finally, the study shows that these traditional trials have resulted in international terrorists being punished more severely than domestic terrorists. Unfortunately, the practice of performing these politicized trials within the venue of the federal court system may have been compromised by defense strategies that capitalized on the due process procedures so prominent in the U.S. system of justice. In the wake of the terrorism attacks in September 2001 by foreign nationals, the federal government began to take the next step in its “war against terrorism” by instituting the use of military tribunals. Policy Implications: Although the federal government has been relatively successful in the prosecution of terrorism in America in the past two decades, the movement toward the use of military tribunals has perhaps become inevitable (as the use of the traditional criminal trial for international terrorists manifests weaknesses). In the short term, it is likely that several international terrorism cases stemming from the September 2001 attacks and other subsequent attacks (which may be presumed) will be tried in federal courthouses across the country (even with the advent of military tribunals). Federal prosecutors will need to be trained on the specifics of trying these kinds of cases. In the long term, the use of military tribunals will provide greater ease of prosecution for the federal government. Long‐term consequences such as retaliatory attacks and attacks aimed at the release of political prisoners cannot be ignored by policy makers.     

论国际犯罪刑事管辖权的演变

与国际社会体制的发展相适应,国际犯罪管辖权从“单一模式”向“复合模式”转变,形成了间接管辖权和直接管辖权并存的格局。间接管辖权即国家管辖权是国际犯罪管辖权的主要模式。一系列国际特设刑事法庭管辖权开创了国际犯罪直接管辖的理论和实践,国际刑事法院管辖权则是国际犯罪直接管辖权的最新发展。     

浅析刑事和解理念对辩诉交易制度的启示——以被害人为视角

辩诉交易制度与刑事和解制度是欧美刑事案件中适用的两类重要的司法制度。两种制度有其相似的地方,也有诸多的不同。其中一点便是刑事诉讼的被害人在两种制度中的地位和作用有着较大的差别。而两者的共同基础———社会契约理论和私法中契约自由的观念,以及辩诉交易制度在实际运作过程中可能出现的问题使得辩诉交易借鉴刑事和解的理念,加强被害人的地位和作用成为可能和必要。     

单位直接故意犯罪形态的几个问题探析

单位犯罪的构成形态特征与自然人犯罪的构成形态特征相比,有着明显的不同。我国刑法学界对这一内容论述的较少。本文通过分析单位直接故意犯罪的主、客观要件,对单位直接故意犯罪中的犯罪未遂形态、犯罪中止形态认定时应当注意的几个问题进行了初步的分析和探讨。     

Intangible heritage: traditional medicine and knowledge governance

Legal context: Although traditional medicine constitutes a component part ofthe identity of the cultural communities concerned, this formof intangible cultural heritage is vulnerable in a globalizingworld where little place is left for the protection of beliefsystems. Key points: While much has been written on traditional knowledge and IPrights, less scholarly attention has focused on the culturaldimension of traditional medicine. Further, no solution hasbeen reached on the best way to ensure its protection. Thiscontribution attempts to establish a linkage between differentsectors of international law, addressing the complex interplaybetween traditional medicine, intended as a special form ofintangible cultural heritage, and international knowledge governance. While the TRIPS Agreement adopts only proprietary approachesto knowledge governance, it has been questioned whether, inthe case of pharmaceuticals, other non-proprietary approacheswould be preferable. Different approaches will be put forwardand the Draft Treaty on Medical Research and Development willbe considered. This would provide a better framework for safeguardingand diffusing traditional medicine. Practical significance: Protecting and promoting traditional medicine may help curingdiseases spread all over the world. Thus, beyond its culturalaspects, the practical importance of traditional medicine liesin its capacity to promote the right to health and human dignity.     

刑事诉讼证人作证义务探析

证人是重要的刑事诉讼参与人,在刑事诉讼中承担着作证的义务,但由于各种因素的影响,证人不愿作证或拒绝作证的现象时有发生,这种状况直接影响到了案件事实的查明,对案件的处理结果也将产生重要的影响。因此,必须采取切实有效的措施从根本上予以解决。